International Journal of Tropical Medicine
ISSN: Online 1818-779XISSN: Print 1816-3319
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. The high prevalence of diabetes in India, combined with the multiple risk factors associated with AKI in this population, underscores the need for comprehensive studies to elucidate the aetiology and outcomes of AKI in T2DM patients. A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months, including 155 T2DM patients who developed AKI at a tertiary care hospital in India. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected, and patients were monitored throughout their hospital stay and followed up for three months post‐discharge. Comparative analyses were performed using chi‐square tests for categorical variables and t‐tests for continuous variables. Multi variate logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors of poor outcomes. The study found that nephrotoxic medications (37.4%) and dehydration (31.0%) were the most common precipitating factors for AKI. The average age of patients was 61.4 years, with a mean duration of diabetes of 14.2 years. Diabetic nephropathy was present in 56.1% of patients. Renal replacement therapy was required in 39.4% of cases, and 71.6% of patients had nephrotoxic drugs discontinued. Complete recovery of renal function was achieved in 40.6% of patients, while 24.5% showed no recovery. In‐hospital and 3‐month mortality rates were 18.7% and 13.5%, respectively. Significant predictors of poor renal outcomes included older age, longer duration of diabetes, presence of diabetic nephropathy, higher baseline and peak serum creatinine levels, lower eGFR, and advanced KDIGO stage. AKI in T2DM patients is associated with multiple precipitating factors and significant clinical burden. The study underscores the importance of early identification and management of risk factors to improve outcomes. Strategies to prevent AKI and enhance recovery in this high‐risk population are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality.
How to cite this article:
Vinod Kumar Kandala and Sravanthi Gollapalli. A Prospective Study of Aetiology and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makijtm.2024.3.47.51
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1816-3319/10.36478/makijtm.2024.3.47.51