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Research Journal of Medical Sciences

ISSN: Online 1993-6095
ISSN: Print 1815-9346
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Etiology and Clinical Outcomes of Severe Anemia A Comprehensive Clinico‐Hematological Analysis: An Institutional Study

Thoutam Keerti Santoshi, P. Chaitanya Bharathi, G. Krishna Kumari, Hymavathi Bathina, Kavya Komaravelli and M. Raneeth Kumar
Page: 62-67 | Received 03 Mar 2024, Published online: 14 Apr 2024

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https://doi.org/10.36478/10.59218/makrjms.2024.6.62.67

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Abstract

Severe anemia is a significant clinical concern worldwide, characterized by complex etiologies and diverse clinical presentations. Understanding its underlying causes and improving diagnostic accuracy are crucial for effective patient management. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive clinico‐hematological evaluation of severe anemia in patients at a tertiary care medical center to identify its etiological factors and assess the clinical outcomes associated with various treatment protocols. A cross‐sectional analysis was performed on 75 patients diagnosed with severe anemia, defined as hemoglobin levels below 8 g/dL. Data collection included patient interviews, medical history reviews, and laboratory investigations like completes blood count, Ferritin, vitamin levels, bone marrow analysis and hemolysis assessment. Statistical analysis utilized descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests and t‐tests to evaluate associations between etiological factors and clinical outcomes. The study identified multiple causes of severe anemia, with nutritional deficiencies, bone marrow and stem cell disorders and hemolytic processes being predominant. Mean hemoglobin was found to be 7.2 g/dL, with iron studies revealing widespread deficiencies. Vitamin B12 and folate levels varied, suggesting differential impacts on anemia types. Bone marrow analysis indicated varied cellularity and myeloid‐to‐erythroid ratios, aligning with the complexity of anemia presentations. Hemolysis markers such as LDH, haptoglobin and indirect bilirubin further confirmed the presence of hemolytic anemia in a significant portion of the cohort. The study underscores the necessity of a detailed clinico‐hematological evaluation for diagnosing severe anemia, highlighting the importance of tailored treatment approaches based on specific diagnostic findings. The integration of clinical symptoms with laboratory data enhances diagnostic accuracy and facilitates more effective management of severe anemia, improving patient outcomes.

How to cite this article:

Thoutam Keerti Santoshi, P. Chaitanya Bharathi, G. Krishna Kumari, Hymavathi Bathina, Kavya Komaravelli and M. Raneeth Kumar. Etiology and Clinical Outcomes of Severe Anemia A Comprehensive Clinico‐Hematological Analysis: An Institutional Study.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.59218/makrjms.2024.6.62.67
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.59218/makrjms.2024.6.62.67