Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
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Abstract
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has manifested as a complex array of diseases since its recognition in 1981. Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications are emerging as significant challenges within this landscape. This study aimed to comprehensively explore neuropsychiatric manifestations in HIV‐positive patients, their associations with CD4 T cell counts and the influence of opportunistic infections. A prospective, one‐year study was conducted at a medical institution in collaboration with the department of psychiatry. HIV‐positive patients admitted between September 2006 and August 2007 were included. Comprehensive clinical assessments, psychiatric rating scales, serological screenings, opportunistic infection evaluations, CD4 cell counts and radiological investigations were conducted. Statistical analyses were employed to discern patterns and correlations. The study group comprised 100 HIV‐positive patients, primarily aged 31‐35 years (35%), with a male‐to‐female ratio of 9:11. Unprotected heterosexual contact, particularly with professional sex workers, was the primary mode of transmission. Tuberculosis (51.6%) and oral candidiasis (25%) were predominant opportunistic infections. Neurological complaints were observed in 47% of patients, most commonly altered sensorium (70.21%), with underlying causes such as tubercular and cryptococcal meningitis. Psychiatric manifestations were significant, encompassing anxiety (57.7%), depression (23%), cognitive dysfunction (11.6%) and dementia (7.7%). A strong correlation was observed between CD4 T cell counts and neuropsychiatric symptoms, with anxiety and depression linked to higher counts and cognitive impairment and dementia to lower counts. This study underscores the complex and diverse neuropsychiatric manifestations in HIV‐positive patients, emphasizing the role of immunosuppression and opportunistic infections. Understanding the intricate interplay between HIV infection, CD4 T cell counts and neuropsychiatric outcomes is vital for effective management and improved quality of life. Timely interventions addressing both CNS and psychiatric aspects can enhance the overall well‐being of individuals living with HIV.
How to cite this article:
Rakesh Shandil, Akhilesh Shandil, Anchal Shandil, Vimal Bharti, Ashok Sharma, Rajeev Raina and Ravi C. Sharma. Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in HIV Patients: A Hospital Based Study.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.59218/makrjms.2023.7.1.8
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.59218/makrjms.2023.7.1.8