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Research Journal of Medical Sciences

ISSN: Online 1993-6095
ISSN: Print 1815-9346
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Comparative Analysis of Immunohistochemical Markers in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Tumors in Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Pavuluri Neelima, Rachakonda Nagaspandana, Kusuma Nikhila and Srigiri Sanjeevkumar
Page: 638-642 | Received 15 Apr 2024, Published online: 14 Jun 2024

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https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.638.642

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Abstract

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable clinical outcomes, making their diagnosis challenging. Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers have been pivotal in improving diagnostic accuracy but require further comparative analysis to optimize their use in clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of various IHC markers in differentiating benign from malignant soft tissue tumors, providing a comparative analysis based on marker expression. We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 200 cases of diagnosed soft tissue tumors at a single tertiary care center. IHC markers such as Vimentin, S‐100, CD34, Desmin and SMA were assessed for their expression in benign versus malignant tumors. Statistical analyses, including odds ratios, confidence intervals and p‐values, were computed to evaluate the significance of marker expression differences. Vimentin was predominantly expressed in benign tumors (45%) compared to malignant ones (5%), with an odds ratio of 9.0 (95% CI: 6.2‐13.0, p=0.001). Conversely, S‐100 and SMA showed higher expression in malignant tumors (75% and 70%, respectively), indicating significant associations with malignancy (p=0.001). CD34 and Desmin also demonstrated higher malignant expressions with statistically significant odds ratios favoring malignancy. The combined analysis revealed distinct expression patterns useful for differentiating tumor types. The study highlights the differential expression of specific IHC markers in benign and malignant soft tissue sarcomas. Markers such as S‐100 and SMA are particularly effective in identifying malignant tumors, supporting their role in diagnostic protocols. These findings suggest that a panel of selected IHC markers can significantly enhance the diagnostic accuracy for soft tissue tumors.

How to cite this article:

Pavuluri Neelima, Rachakonda Nagaspandana, Kusuma Nikhila and Srigiri Sanjeevkumar. Comparative Analysis of Immunohistochemical Markers in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Tumors in Soft Tissue Sarcomas.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.638.642
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.7.638.642