Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
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Distribution and Prevalence of ABO and Rh Blood Group Phenotypes Among Voluntary Blood Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India: A Retrospective Study
Suchita Deshmukh, Vidya Shingare, Vidhi Modi and Amruta Thomake
Page: 118-122 | Received 25 Nov 2023, Published online: 03 Jan 2024
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Abstract
The ABO and Rh blood group systems (BGS) hold paramount significance in both “blood transfusion and transplant medicine”. The antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) play a crucial role in unraveling aspects of genetics, inheritance patterns, medicolegal issues, susceptibility to diseases and ensuring the safety of transfusions. Investigating the distribution of blood groups (BG) in diverse peoples is required for clinical research, understanding their associations with diseases and environmental factors. To effectively manage blood banks and ensure safe transfusion services, it is crucial to comprehend the variations in the frequency of ABO and Rh Blood Group across various populae over time. The primary aim of our present study is to analyze the distribution patterns and frequencies of ABO and Rh Blood Group among voluntary blood donors in our hospital. This endeavor aims to assess the readiness of our blood center and establish correlations with similar studies conducted in various areas of India. A retrospective analysis was conducted at our hospital’s blood center, focusing on voluntary blood donors who underwent initial screening based on blood donation criteria. Blood samples were acquired through the venipuncture method and the ABO and Rhesus blood grouping were determined using the “antigenantibody micro‐agglutination tube test”. The collected data was then organized in a Microsoft Excel (2015) spreadsheet with appropriate coding and subjected to analysis using “Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0.0.” Among 5,377 donors, 4,988 were male and 389 were female. The most prevalent BG among males was B (30.37%), with the least common being AB (9.90%). Among females the most common BG was O (33.68%) and the least common was AB (11.83%). The distribution of ABO BG in the donor population revealed that B BG had the highest prevalence (30.24%), followed by BG O (30.09%), BG A (29.63%) and the least common was BG AB (10.04%). Regarding Rh grouping, 95.09% of donors were Rh‐positive, while 4.91% were Rh‐negative. This investigation gives important information of the precise distribution of BG within our local community. Furthermore, by gathering data from diverse regions across India, the study contributes to proactive health planning, ensuring the efficient operation of transfusion services. It aims to ensure the continuous availability of specific BG at all times, meeting heightened demands and averting fatalities linked to the unavailability of blood during emergencies.
How to cite this article:
Suchita Deshmukh, Vidya Shingare, Vidhi Modi and Amruta Thomake. Distribution and Prevalence of ABO and Rh Blood Group Phenotypes Among Voluntary Blood
Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India: A Retrospective Study.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.3.118.122
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.3.118.122