Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder, is one of the most significant global public health challenges, affecting millions worldwide. Traditionally managed with insulin as the cornerstone therapy, diabetes care has evolved considerably with the advent of innovative pharmacological, technological and lifestyle‐based interventions. This systematic review explores advancements in diabetes management beyond insulin, focusing on the clinical efficacy, safety and integration of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs), sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2 inhibitors), continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, AI‐driven digital health tools and structured lifestyle interventions. GLP‐1 RAs and SGLT‐2 inhibitors have demonstrated substantial benefits, not only in glycemic control but also in reducing cardiovascular and renal risks, addressing critical comorbidities associated with diabetes. Similarly, CGM systems and AI‐enabled applications have transformed self‐management by providing real‐time glucose monitoring and personalized feedback, enhancing adherence and improving outcomes. Lifestyle interventions, including evidence‐based dietary modifications and structured exercise programs, remain foundational, offering sustainable and cost‐effective approaches to delay or reverse disease progression. Despite these advancements, barriers such as cost, accessibility and adherence continue to limit their widespread adoption, particularly in low‐resource settings. This review synthesizes evidence from recent studies and highlights the importance of integrating pharmacological and non‐pharmacological approaches into comprehensive diabetes care frameworks. It also identifies research gaps, particularly regarding long‐term outcomes and equitable access to emerging therapies. The findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary, patient‐centered strategies to enhance the quality of life for individuals with diabetes and reduce the global burden of the disease.
How to cite this article:
Sumalatha Naitham, A. Gangadhar Reddy, Amitabh Agarwal, Shyam Prasad Parimala and Aarushi Agarwal. Advances in Diabetes Management Beyond Insulin: A Systematic Review.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.12.301.306
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.12.301.306