Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
Abstract
Surgical Site Infections (SSI) is the third most commonly reported nosocomial infection which has an unpropitius impact on the hospital as well as on the patient. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are defined as infections occurring up to 30 days after surgery. And affecting either the incision or deep tissue at the operation site. Despite improvements in surgical site infection prevention, SSIs inflict severe demands on healthcare resources remain a significant problem as they are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the prevalence of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) continues to be significant, posing a considerable illness burden. The incidence of SSIs may be as high as 20%, depending on the surgical procedure, the surveillance criteria used and the quality of data collection. In many SSIs, the responsible pathogens originate from the patient's endogenous flora. The causative pathogens depend on the type of surgery., the most commonly isolated organisms are Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase‐negative staphylococci, Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. This study aimed to ascertain the incidence and severity of surgical site infections (SSI) in emergency abdominal surgeries. This study was conducted comprising 50 patients of undergoing emergency abdominal surgeries both male and female patients at Basaveshwara Medical college hospital and research center, Chitradurga in the period of July 2022 to December 2023. This study was a prospective observational study of incidence and severity of surgical site infection who went emergency abdominal surgeries between July 2022 to December 2023 emergency abdominal surgeries in Basaveshwara medical college. The incidence of surgical site infection in emergency abdominal surgeries is 30% and is more in the age group 45‐60 which is 37.5% and least is 15‐30 age group which is 20% and is more in males than female and incidence is more in the ruptured appendix/gall bladder and gastrointestinal perforation type of surgery which is 41.66% and 35.71% and incidence is more in the contaminated and dirty which is 41.6% and 40%. The 15 (30%) patients with these 4severity levels (disturbance of healing, minor, moderate and severe wound infection) of wound infection represent those with SSI. Out of 15 patient who developed ssi highest number of patients comes under the moderate and minor groups which is 5(10%) on both sides and only 3(6%) patients in the disturbance healing group and 2(4%) patients in severe group. The most common organism isolated is staph aureus and E.coli . Most common antibiotic detected on culture and sensitivity were imipenem or amikacin. knowledge of the incidence and severity is important to know for prevention and better understanding and treatment of the surgical site infection in emergency abdominal surgeries. SSI rate was found to be quite high in comparison to developed countries. The incidence of surgical site infection is 30% in emergency abdominal surgeries in this study and superficial SSI prevails over the other types and incidence is more compare to elective abdominal surgeries group and other type of surgeries in other studies. The incidence of surgical site infection is more in the age group 46‐60 and >60 and incidence is more in male than females. The incidence is more in the gastrointestinal perforations than in other surgeries. The incidence is more in contaminated and dirty group compared to other type of surgeries. In this study the severity level of surgical site infection is more in emergency abdominal surgeries and the severity of surgical site infection is more in the age above 40 and more severity in age group above 60 and severity of the surgical site infection is more in female than in males according to this study but there are no other such studies to support this. Appropriate severity level assessment tools should be used to aid in the assessment and diagnosis of SSI in emergency abdominal surgeries and to help in reducing the rates of such infection.
How to cite this article:
Gajula Vinod Reddy, B.V. Sharath, P.T. Sushanth and Maheboob Pasha. A Prospective Study of Incidence and Severity of Surgical Site Infections in Emergency Abdominal Surgeries.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.11.365.369
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.11.365.369