Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
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Abstract
Sodium imbalance, including hyponatremic and hypernatremia, is a significant concern in neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This study aims to assess the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentations and outcomes of neonates with sodium imbalances. A prospective observational study was conducted at Dhiraj General Hospital, Pipariya, from April 2018 to September 2019. Neonates with serum sodium levels <130mEq/L (hyponatremia) or >150mEq/L (hypernatremia) were included. Data were collected on demographic details, clinical presentation, risk factors, complications and outcomes. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi‐square test and relative risk were used to analyze the data. Of 825 NICU admissions, the incidence of hyponatremia was 26.6 per 1000 and hypernatremia was 33.9 per 1000. Hyponatremia was more common in extramural admissions (46.5 per 1000). Risk factors included sepsis (86.36%) and prematurity (40.90%) for hyponatremia and delayed breast‐feeding initiation (89.28%) and reduced feeding frequency (82.14%) for hypernatremia. The mean sodium levels were 124.11mEq/L in hyponatremic and 160.64mEq/L in hypernatremia. Complications such as acute renal failure were seen in all hypernatremia neonates (100%). Mortality rates were 22.73% in hyponatremic neonates and 10.71% in hypernatremia neonates. Sodium imbalances are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in neonates. Early identification and appropriate management are critical to improving outcomes, particularly in neonates with associated complications such as sepsis and acute renal failure.
How to cite this article:
Shaik Mabbul, Petla Raghu Ram and Raghava Badabagni. Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Sodium Imbalance in Neonates: A Prospective Observational Study in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.11.119.123
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.11.119.123