Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
Abstract
Hypernatremic Dehydration in neonates is one of the commonest causes of admission and mortality particularly in developing countries like India. Life threatening complications including acute kidney injury (AKI), brain shrinkage, subdural capillary hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral edema, venous thrombosis, gangrene and death. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical presentation, various risk factors associated with hypernatremic dehydration and outcomes. Retrospective descriptive study. The study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, MGM Medical college and associated Chacha Nehru Balchikitsalaya and Maharaja Yashwant Rao hospital a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year (January 2019-2020). About 52 babies who fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria for Hypernatremic Dehydration were enrolled. Variables recorded were risk factor for dehydration, types of feed, investigation and follow up till final outcome.: Out of 52 neonates 31(59.6%) were male and 21(40.4%) female. About 37(71.2%) were spontaneous vaginal delivered and 15(28.8%) via caesarean section. About 41(78.8%) were primiparous mothers and 11(21.2%) multiparous mothers. Mean birth weight was 2.73 kg vs Mean weight at admission was 2.22 kg, mean percentage weight loss was 18.7%. 17(32.7%) neonates were breast feed,21(40.4%) on animal milk and 14(26.9%) on mixed feeds. Decrease urine output was present in 30(57.7%) neonates followed by Diarrhea and vomiting 28(53.85%), Irritability 18(34.6%), poor feeding/lethargic 12 (23.1%) and yellowish discoloration of skin 12(23.1%). Maximum number of cases were admitted in month of May 18(34.6%) followed by April 9 (17.3%) and June 6 (11.53%). Serum creatinine values were raised in 49 babies. Mean admission values of sodium and creatinine in discharged cases were 162.923 mEq L‾1 and 1.896 mg dL‾1, respectively and in babies who died they were 162.371 mEq L‾1 and 3.4 mg dL‾1 which was statistically significant. Mean duration of treatment was 7.50 days, 38(73.1%) neonates were discharged successfully, while in 14(26.9%) neonates who died animal milk feeding was the statistically significant risk factor responsible for poor outcome when compared with breast fed neonates. Hypernatremic dehydration with AKI was more common during season of high ambient temperature and in babies receiving animal milk feeds. Despite of correction in serum sodium, babies with persistent high creatinine values had a poor outcome. Exclusive breast feeding and taking care of ambient temperature can help in prevention of hypernatremic dehydration.
How to cite this article:
Chandan Kachhwaha , Sachin Parmar , Meghna Nema , Amrita Chauhan , Akshay Kamle and Nirbhay Mehta . Hypernatremic Dehydration in Neonates.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.59218/makrjms.2023.37.41
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.59218/makrjms.2023.37.41