Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most prevalent congenital anomalies, accounting for 28% of global cases. In India, the incidence of CHD is approximately 8 per 1000 live births, similar to Europe but lower than some reported ranges globally. CHDs, presenting with varied symptoms from asymptomatic findings to severe cyanosis and heart failure, are significant contributors to neonatal mortality. Advances in diagnostics and government initiatives like the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) aim to enhance early detection and improve outcomes. A prospective study conducted over two years in a tertiary care pediatric department analyzed CHD cases among hospitalized patients under 12 years. Diagnosis was confirmed through 2D echocardiography, supported by electrocardiography and oxygen saturation measurements. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were systematically recorded and analyzed using statistical tests. Of 18,866 admissions, 290 cases were diagnosed with CHD (1.53%). Acyanotic CHD accounted for 74.1%, predominantly ventricular septal defect (39.5%), while cyanotic CHD comprised 25.9%, with Tetralogy of Fallot being most common. The highest incidence was in the 1‐month to 1‐year age group for acyanotic CHD (38.1%) and under 1 month for cyanotic CHD (40%). Male predominance (54.5%) was observed. Common symptoms included breathlessness (63.4%) and cough (54.4%). Malnutrition was more significant in cyanotic CHD cases (p=0.0001). Complications like congestive cardiac failure (55.5%) and pulmonary hypertension (17.58%) were frequently encountered. The incidence of CHD in the study aligns with global trends but highlights delayed diagnosis and management in resource‐limited settings. Enhanced awareness, early intervention and improved access to specialized care are imperative to reduce morbidity and mortality.
How to cite this article:
Mehul Chaudhary, Anil J. Katara, Himanshu Gopat and Yogesh Modi. A Study of Clinical Profile Morbidities and Mortalities of Congenital Heart Disease.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2025.1.297.303
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2025.1.297.303