Research Journal of Medical Sciences
ISSN: Online 1993-6095ISSN: Print 1815-9346
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication characterized by glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. It affects 7‐10% of pregnancies globally, with significant adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study aims to investigate the impact of GDM on pregnancy outcomes in a tertiary care hospital This observational, prospective study included 85 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Participants were recruited from the antenatal clinic over a one‐year period. Data were collected through structured interviews, medical record reviews and direct measurements. Key variables included maternal demographic and clinical characteristics, GDM diagnosis and management details and pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0. Mean age was 29.86 years, mean BMI was 27.93 kg/m² and mean parity was 1.49. A history of GDM was observed in 36% of participants. Mean diagnosis timing was at 25.79 weeks. Dietary management was most common, followed by pharmacological treatment. Mean HbA1c was 6.58%. The incidence of preeclampsia was 18.8% and vaginal delivery was more common (mean mode of delivery: 1.31). Mean gestational age at delivery was 37.98 weeks. Mean birth weight was 3.21 kg, mean Apgar score at 5 minutes was 8.07, neonatal hypoglycemia occurred in 15.3%, and NICU admissions were 12.9%. Comparison with non‐GDM pregnancies showed no statistically significant differences in birth weight, Apgar scores, neonatal hypoglycemia, or NICU admissions. The study found that while GDM was associated with higher rates of neonatal hypoglycemia, the differences were not statistically significant, indicating that effective glycemic control can mitigate adverse outcomes. Trends toward increased neonatal hypoglycemia and NICU admissions in preeclampsia cases were observed but not statistically significant.
How to cite this article:
Nibedita Maharana, Sangeeta Chippa, Sai Rashmi Sura and Gorantla Manoghna. Impact of Gestational Diabetes on Pregnancy Outcomes: An Observational Study.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/10.36478/makrjms.2024.10.363.368
URL: https://www.makhillpublications.co/view-article/1815-9346/10.36478/makrjms.2024.10.363.368