TY  - JOUR
T1  - Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in South Africa
AU - Femi Olayiwola, Matthew 
JO  - Journal of Modern Mathematics and Statistics
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1994-5388
DO  - jmmstat.2021.1.7
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jmmstat.2021.1.7
KW  - ARDL
KW  -bounds test
KW  -cointegration
KW  -Granger causality
KW  -Augmented Dickey-Fuller
KW  -GDP
KW  -petrol
KW  -electricity
KW  -economic growth
KW  -energy
AB  - This study examines the long-run and short-run
causal relationship among the petrol consumption,
electricity consumption and GDP in South Africa using 16
years quarterly data (2005Q1-2020Q2). The results show
that electricity and GDP are integrated of the same order,
I(1) while petrol is integrated of order zero. There exists
a long-run relationship between petrol and GDP models.
Only the petrol model system returns to equilibrium with
adjustment speed of 128.4%. Petrol and electricity models
are found to be stable and significant with no defects,
GDP Model is also stable but insignificant and its
residuals are not normally distributed. A unidirectional
causality runs from GDP to petrol and electricity.
However, petrol and electricity do granger cause each
other. have and there is no long-run relationship between
them. In the short and long run, GDP has a significant
negative impact on electricity and petrol consumption in
South Africa, respectively.
ER  -