TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Tramadol-Midazolam-Ketamine Anesthesia in Rabbits
AU - Oguntoye, C.O. AU - Oyewande, O.A. AU - Afolabi, O.O. 
JO  - Veterinary Research
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PY  - 2016
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1993-5412
DO  - vr.2016.1.5
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=vr.2016.1.5
KW  - rabbits tramadol
KW  -midazolam
KW  -ketamine
KW  -Analgesia
KW  -respiratory
KW  -non-painful procedures
AB  - Selected anaesthetic indices of and the heart
rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature responses of
6 healthy rabbits to the intramuscular administration
of 2 mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> midazolam and 25 mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> ketamine alone
(MK) and combined with 4 mg kg<sup>&#150;1</sup> tramadol (MKT)
were evaluated over a 60 min observation period. Time to
loss of righting reflex with MKT (1.7&plusmn;0.3 min) was
significantly (p&lt;0.05) shorter than with MK
(4.2&plusmn;1.5 min). Duration of recumbency with MKT
(76.8&plusmn;5.1 min) and MK (77.8&plusmn;3.6 min) were similar.
Time to standing with MKT (9.3&plusmn;1.1 min) was shorter
than with MK (15.2&plusmn;2.4 min). Mean heart rates ranged
from 204.7&plusmn;13.0-257.5&plusmn;3 beats/min with MK and from
207.3&plusmn;4.6-238.8&plusmn;8.7 beats/min with MKT. Mean
respiratory rates ranged from 33.8&plusmn;6.2-64.3&plusmn;15.0
breaths/min with MK from 36.2&plusmn;2.5-54.0&plusmn;8.6 breaths/min
with MKT. Mean temperature ranged between 38.0&plusmn;0.2
and 38.9&plusmn;0.2°C with MK and between 37.9&plusmn;0.3 and
39.1&plusmn;0.1°C with MKT. Neither MK nor MKT produced
analgesia.
ER  -