TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mathematical Models of Location Signals Reflected from the Underlying Surfaces of the Earth
and the Sea Modeling SAR Images for Ecosystem Monitoring Task
AU - Maurits Wattimena, Gysberth 
JO  - International Journal of Soft Computing
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-9503
DO  - ijscomp.2021.59.63
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=ijscomp.2021.59.63
KW  - Equipment
KW  -fluctuations
KW  -signals
KW  -simulating
KW  -resolution
KW  -constructions
AB  - When testing onboard equipment of aircraft
using navigation radar maps for navigation, there is a need
for mathematical models of signals reflected from the
earth’s surface and the sea surface. Traditionally, using
theoretical constructions, such models were models of
stochastic signals, the envelope fluctuations were
described by the laws of Rayleigh and Rayleigh-Rice.
These models were used both for simulating signals
reflected from the earth’s surface, and for signals reflected
from the sea surface. With low resolution of airborne
radars, these models described the statistical
characteristics of fluctuating signals quite well. Modern
onboard locators have high resolving power and the
Rayleigh and Rice models can no longer be used in the
synthesis and modeling of modern on-board navigation
systems. In this study, we propose an approach to the
construction of models of location signals that uses both
theoretical construction and experimental data which
allows us to take into account the features of the reflection
of the location signals from small parts of the underlying
surface of the earth and the sea, while taking into account
both the correlation between the individual sections and
the an isotropy of the reflections when observing areas
from different angles. Reflections from the sea surface are
approximated by a log-normal law, reflections from the
terrestrial in view of the variety of surface types,
Beckman and Weibull laws, particular cases of which are
the laws of Rice, Hoyt and Rayleigh. These models can be
used for high-precision mapping, monitoring
environmental pollution, testing the operating modes of
aircraft equipment.
ER  -