TY  - JOUR
T1  - Monuments: E-San Social and Culture Reflection
AU - Thesarin, Sriphat AU - Plengdeesakul, Burin AU - Abhirating, Preechawute 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 1393
EP  - 1401
PY  - 2020
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2020.1393.1401
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2020.1393.1401
KW  - Monuments
KW  -E-San social and culture
KW  -E-San social and culture reflection
KW  -inspire
KW  -community
AB  - This research aims to study the history of monuments in the Northeastern region, study the current
state of monuments in the Northeastern region and study the social and culture reflection of E-San through
monuments using a qualitative research process, document and field data collection by surveys, observation,
interviews and group discussions. Data collection is processed for analysis using aesthetics theory, structural
functionalism theory, cultural diffusion theory, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism theory. Study
findings are presented in descriptive analysis with illustrations. Research results found that the history of
monuments created by the concept of local E-San people themselves, not a government concept. It was first
appeared in the year 1968, namely, Chaopho Si Nakhon Tao Monument at Ban Mueang Tao, Mueang Tao
subdistrict, Phayakkhaphum Phisai district, Maha Sarakham province. From that time, the creation of
monuments of important people has expanded throughout the Northeast and popularly created until now. It can
be classified into 2 groups of persons that are created as monuments: historical persons legendary persons. The
study found that the legendary group of persons is used to create monuments the most. Regarding current
conditions of the monument, for the location aspects, it’s found that most of the monuments are located in the
public area of the community such as the ancestral spirit forest (Don Pu Ta), located on the north side of the
community facing the East. The layout of the monument comes in two types: an independent layout and a
rectangular layout. The research found most of the monuments are rectangular layouts. For the shape of the
monument, it looks similar to a person, showing gestures in both sitting and standing positions. Cement is
preferably used as construction material as well as stone and brass. Construction techniques are usually fresh
mortar molding techniques, stone carving and brass casting. For the E-San social and culture reflection aspects,
the study found that the monument can reflect E-San society in the social collective memories. It can also
represent power relations, conflict and contention in the management of monuments among people in the
community and also plays a role in the sanctification of the rituals in the community, while helping to support
the community agriculture cycle. In addition, it comes with a function to control the society and create social
unity. For cultural reflection, people believe that monuments are sacred, a mental refuge and inspire fortune
as desired. People also believe that a monument is the place where souls of the ancestral spirits is at. Therefore,
there is an annual worship offering to express faith to the monument with both personal and community rituals.
The monuments can therefore, reflect the E-San society and culture at some extents.
ER  -