TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Affecting Construction of Identity in Designing Lao Banknote
AU - Tempiam, Phakarat AU - Wongpongkham, Niyom AU - Chaturongakul, Kham 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 14
IS  - 22
SP  - 8435
EP  - 8445
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2019.8435.8445
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2019.8435.8445
KW  - Banknote
KW  -Lao
KW  -kip
KW  -history
KW  -factor
KW  -identity
KW  -design
AB  - The research on the factors affecting the construction of identity in designing Lao banknote. The
aim of this research is to study the history and the factors contributing to the construction of identity in
designing Lao banknote. The researcher had chosen the city of Vientiane as the research area. The criteria for
choosing the area are as follows: the location where the bank of Lao PDR is situated; the area where there are
academics who are experts, practitioners and personnel related to the Lao banknote. The data is collected from
the documents and from field data collection. The following tools were used for data collection: surveys,
participatory and non-participatory observation, structured and non-structured interviews and group
discussions. The data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis basing o n the objectives of the research.
The results from the analysis were reported using the statistics from the data collection. From the study, it was
found that the history of the Lao banknote can be categorized into the three different forms of governance over
the country in three major periods. Lao banknote during the period of French-Indochina (1893-1945). Lao
started using banknotes for the first time after falling into a colony of France. The currency at that time was
piastre which started being used in the year 1939. Lao banknote during the period of the Kingdom of
Lao (1957-1974). The currency "Katay Kip" was used starting in the year 1946 and Royal kip in the year 1952.
These two currencies were being used alongside the piastre currency. In 1955, Bank of Lao PDR officially
announced the discontinue of piastre currency and called the kip currency, Vientiane kip. The Vientiane kip
started being used in the year 1957 alongside the Khang Khai kip which was used during 1962-1963 and
Liberation kip in 1968. Lao banknote under Lao PDR (1979-2016). Bank of Lao PDR announced the use of kip
currency in the year 1979 and is being used up until the current time. As for the factors contributing to the
construction of the identity for the Lao banknote, it was found that for the following were the external factors.
The factors from Foreign influence contribute to the construction of the Lao banknote in terms of the design
style, the identity of the main image, the identity of the numbers and the fonts and the identity of the Lao
emblem in the Lao banknotes. The factors influenced by technology contribute to the design style, the identity
of the main image, the identity of the illustrators, the identity of the numbers and fonts and the identity of the
blank spaces and watermarks in the Lao banknote. The followings were the internal actors. The factors from
the political and governance influenced the construction of identity in the design of Lao banknote on the
design style, the main image, the numbers and fonts and the country’s emblem of the Lao banknote. The factors
from the influence of religion, tradition and culture contribute to the construction of the design of Lao banknote
on the design style, the main image and the illustrators in the Lao banknote. The factors from the influence of
the artist’s creativity contributed to the construction of the identity in Lao banknote on the blank spaces and
the watermarks on the Lao banknote.
ER  -