TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distribution of Land Surface Temperatures from Satellite Images for
Al-Hammar Marshes In Iraq
AU - Mahdi, Mohammed S. AU - Al-Abudi, Bushra Q. AU - Abdulla, Ashraf S. 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 14
IS  - 11
SP  - 3651
EP  - 3658
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2019.3651.3658
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2019.3651.3658
KW  - Land surface temperatures
KW  -landsat satellite images
KW  -thermal band Al-Hammar Marshes
KW  -marshesland
KW  -approximately
KW  -digital maps
AB  - In this study, land surface temperatures for Al-Hammar Marshes in Iraq are estimated for years 1991,
2000, 2015 and 2017 using ENVI 5.1 Software programming for the purpose of knowledge the extent of the
change in surface temperature of the marshesland by producing digital maps and classified chromatically to the
temperature distribution and by taking advantage of the thermal b and of the satellite landsat sensors TM,
ETM+ and OLI. By comparing four different time periods (1991, 2000, 2015 and 2017), we concluded that the
surface temperature of Al-Hammar Marshes continued increase. The results indicated that the study area
suffering from a clear increase in temperatures included all classes of marshesland where the average
temperature for the year 1991 approximately 41.506 while the average temperature value for the year 2000
increased about 44.69 an increase of 3.19 for the year 1991. The average temperature for the year 2015 was
approximately 47.31 an increase of 2.62 for the year 2000 while The average temperature for the year 2017 was
approximately 47.85 and an increase of 6.35 in comparison with the year 1991.
ER  -