TY  - JOUR
T1  - Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Bottom Steel Plates with
Stud Shear Connectors of Diverse Geometric and Embedding Conditions
AU - D. Hassan, Hashim AU - Al-Hadithy, Laith Khalid 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 13
IS  - 21
SP  - 9252
EP  - 9258
PY  - 2018
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2018.9252.9258
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2018.9252.9258
KW  - Steel-plate concrete composite beams
KW  -normal strength concrete
KW  -high strength concrete
KW  -shear
connectors
KW  -headed studs
KW  -flexural stiffness
KW  -relative end slip
KW  -degree of recovery
KW  -anti-slip stiffness
AB  - The five rectangular reinforced concrete beams strengthened by bottom steel plates (SPCC beams)
firmly interconnected to it by either headed-stud or k-shaped shear connectors are manufactured using either
high strength or normal strength concrete where trial mixer conforming to the fundamental fresh and hardened
concrete constraint has been successfully produced to satisfy the standard tests of concrete in its two age
stages. The variables of the tested beams where the grade of concrete, the shear connectors deformability, the
spacings of shear connectors (controlling the degree of partial interaction) and shape of shear connectors. They
have been loaded up to failure under the effect of a two-concentrated load system where the failure modes have
been observed and the load-deflection relationships, the load-relative end slip relationships and the flexural
resistance have been reported. Then, the average flexural stiffness, the degree of recovery and the
average anti-slip stiffness have been evaluated from interpretations of the measured response. The experimental
results show that there substantial improvements in the flexural performance and the integrity preservation have
been achieved from elevating the grade of concrete embedment for the shear connectors. On the contrary,
increasing the spacing of the headed-stud shear connectors twice has seriously lowered the flexural fulfillment
and the integrity level. Fortunately, those serious degradations have been amended by replacing the faraway
spaced headed studs by k-shaped shear connectors of the same length and spacing. Hence, the degree of partial
interaction has proved to own a primary effect on the SPCC beams performance. In specific, the 80%
lengthening of the moderately spaced headed-stud shear connectors proves to have a significant role in
elevating the flexural resistance and ductility and increasing the anti-slip stiffness. Finally, the flexural
performance of the reference SPCC test beam has also been analyzed by the non-linear three dimensional finite
element analysis employing Abaqus/CAE Version 6.13 program to predict its flexural performance represented
by the load-deflection relationship where high levels of coincidence with the experimental evidence are
achieved preserving the threshold of 90%.
ER  -