TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Kernel Shell into Liquid Smoke and its Application to Control Anthracnose Disease on Chili (<i>Capsicum annum</i> L.)
AU - Faisal, M. AU - Gani, Asri AU - , Husni AU - Baihaqi, Akhmad AU - Daimon, Hiroyuki 
JO  - Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
SP  - 2583
EP  - 2587
PY  - 2016
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1816-949x
DO  - jeasci.2016.2583.2587
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeasci.2016.2583.2587
KW  - Liquid smoke
KW  -oil palm kernel shell
KW  -pyrolysis
KW  -Colletotrichum capsici
KW  -anthracnose disease
KW  -chili
AB  - This research is an investigation of the application of liquid smoke produced from the pyrolysis of
Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) controlling anthracnose, a fungal disease caused by <i>Colletotrichum capsici</i> on chili.
The experiments for liquid smoke production were carried out in a batch reactor apparatus on a range
temperature of 100-350&deg;C. The results showed that pyrolysis temperature and liquid smoke concentration
significantly influenced the fungus spot caused by <i>C. capsici</i>. A chemical compound present in liquid smoke
in treatment T<sub>2</sub> was able to impair a growth of the fungal mycelium of <i>C. capsici</i>. The smallest spot diameter was 
found at concentration K<sub>3</sub> with an average value of 0.454 cm; although it was not significantly different from 
the sizes of treatment K<sub>2</sub> = 0.504 cm and K<sub>5</sub> = 0.519 cm. However, the best treatment was obtained from a  
combination of treatment T<sub>2</sub>K<sub>4</sub> (Pyrolysis temperature of 200-250&deg;C and liquid smoke concentration of 8%). A
long period of incubation in treatment of T<sub>2</sub>K<sub>4</sub> and 4.5 day after incubation showed that there was a resistance
characteristic in the treatment which caused the disease symptoms to appear in long time, making the pathogens
to evolve longer.
ER  -