TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Review of Changes Induced by Tobacco Smoking and
Smoking Cessation on Vocal Health
AU - El-Bashiti, Nour 
JO  - Research Journal of Medical Sciences
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
SP  - 82
EP  - 95
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1815-9346
DO  - rjmsci.2019.82.95
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjmsci.2019.82.95
KW  - respiration
KW  -smoking cessation
KW  -smoking
KW  -tobacco
KW  -Vocal health
KW  -phonation
AB  - Smoking tobacco affects vocal health by causing changes in the respiratory and laryngeal systems.
Several studies have been conducted to investigate the histopathological, physiological and functional effects
of smoking on voice. The current review aimed to examine studies that explored the effect of smoking on both
respiration and phonation. The findings show differences in the experimental models used criteria for subject
selection, follow-up of subjects over time and control for other factors that affect the human’s voice besides
smoking. Additionally, findings of multiple studies performed to analyze the same set of parameters
demonstrated contradicting results. Most studies examine the smokers voice while research on effect of
smoking cessation on voice was not given enough attention. The limitations of the previous research in this
area implies that more extensive research is still needed where these variables are controlled and all factors
affecting the results of the study are accounted for. It must be noted that investigations of smoking effect and
the effect of smoking cessation are in need to fully understand the problem and find ways to help smokers
regain normal voice that will improve their quality of life.
ER  -