TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Endocrine Causes of Amenorrhoea-Abnormalities in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis: A Review
AU - Camilleri, Gabriela 
JO  - Research Journal of Medical Sciences
VL  - 7
IS  - 5-6
SP  - 134
EP  - 147
PY  - 2013
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1815-9346
DO  - rjmsci.2013.134.147
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjmsci.2013.134.147
KW  - anorexia nervosa
KW  -Menstruation
KW  -amenorrhoea
KW  -hyperprolactinaemia
KW  -PCOS
AB  - Menstruation depends on the presence of an intact uterus and 
  vagina and on the presence of a functioning hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. 
  Failure in any of these will invariably lead to a menstrual disorder like amenorrhoea 
  or oligomenorrhoea. This review will focus on amenorrhoea, the absence of menses 
  and the endocrine causes that could be responsible for it. In the first part 
  of the review, an outline of the hormonal regulation of menstruation is given 
  followed by a definition of primary and secondary amenorrhoea. Following this 
  will be a detailed systematic evaluation of the conditions that lead to hormonal 
  disturbances of the menstrual cycle, starting with conditions affecting the 
  hypothalamus, pituitary and finally the ovaries. A brief outline of other endocrine 
  disorders that can lead to amenorrhoea and menstrual cycle disturbances, like 
  thyroid and adrenal disorders can also be found in this review. This study will 
  conclude with an evaluation of the patient presenting with amenorrhoea the history, 
  physical examination and laboratory tests that need to be done in specific clinical 
  situations.
ER  -