TY  - JOUR
T1  - <I>In vitro</I> Antimicrobial Activity of <I>Tithonia diversifolia</I> Leaf Extracts on Bacterial Isolates from Wound Infections from a Nigerian Hospital
AU - Ogunfolakan, O. AU - Kolawole, O.S. AU - Olowe, A.O. 
JO  - Research Journal of Medical Sciences
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
SP  - 305
EP  - 308
PY  - 2010
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1815-9346
DO  - rjmsci.2010.305.308
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjmsci.2010.305.308
KW  - Tithonia diversifolia
KW  -Mean Zone Diameter (MZD)
KW  -spectrum
KW  -antibacterial effect
KW  -gram negative
KW  -concentration
AB  - The <I>in vitro</I> antimicrobial activity of the Aqueous (A), Aqueous-Ethanol (AE), Aqueous-Ethanol-Ethylacetate (AEE), Ethanol (E) and Ethylacetate (EE) extracts of the <I>Tithonia diversifolia</I> leaf on bacterial isolates from wound infections was studied. These isolates include <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, non-coagulase <I>Staphylococcus</I>, <I>Pseudomonas</I>, <I>Proteus</I> and <I>Klebsiella</I> sp. The Mean Zone Diameter (MZD) of inhibition to 0.06 mL of each of the extract to <I>Staphylococcus</I> sp., 14, 14, 14, 14 and 15 mm, non-coagulase <I>staphylococcus</I> sp., 7, 6, 0, 3 and 4 mm, <I>Pseudomonas</I> sp. 10, 11, 11, 10 and 10 mm, <I>Klebsiella</I> sp. 10, 9, 10, 9 and 10 mm and <I>Proteus</I> sp. has no mean zone diameter. The MZD for 10 &#956;g Streptomycin (control) disk shows 14, 14, 7, 7 and 7 mm for <I>Staphylococcus</I> sp., non-coagulase <I>staphylococcus</I> sp., <I>Pseudomonas</I> sp., <I>Klebsiella</I> sp., <I>Proteus</I> sp. About 82% <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> have Zone Diameter (ZD) of inhibition above 10 mm to A extract, 82% to AE, 79% to AEE, 82% to E and 85% to EE extracts. Non-<I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> shows no zone diameter of inhibition above 10 mm, 40% <I>Pseudomonas</I> sp. shows zone diameter of inhibition above 10 mm to A, 44% to AE, 36% to AEE, 40% to E and 32% to EE extracts. About 15% <I>Klebsiella</I> sp. shows zone diameter of inhibition above 10 mm to A, 15% to AE, 25% to AEE, 4% to E, 4% to EE. In comparison, 82% of <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> shows zone diameter of inhibition above 10 mm to 10 &#956;g streptomycin (control) disk. 10% for <I>Klebsiella</I> sp., 85% for non-coagulase <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> and none for <I>Pseudomonas</I> sp. and <I>Proteus</I> sp.When compared with the control drug, 0.06 mL of each of the leaf extract possesses the same antistaphylococcal activity but possesses twice the effect on gram negative bacteria isolated. However, 0.06 mL of each of the extracts has an appreciable antibacterial effect except for <I> Proteus</I> sp. compared to 10 &#956;g streptomycin disk. <I>Tithonia diversifolia</I> leaf extract shows a promising broad spectrum antibacterial effect on human pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration of all the extracts to the organism except for <I> Proteus</I> sp. ranges from 125-250 &#956;g mL<SUP>-1</SUP> while the minimum bactericidal concentration ranges from 500-1000 &#956;g mL<SUP>-1</SUP>. <I>Tithonia diversifolia</I> leaf showed promising broad spectrum antibacterial effect on human pathogens.
ER  -