TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study of Heavy Metals in Hair and Nails of among Farmers in Kelantan, Malaysia
AU - Saat, N.Z.M. AU - Ghazali, A.R. AU - Mohandas, B. AU - Ishak, I. AU - Lubis, S.H. AU - Mohamed, N. AU - Hamid, A. AU - Hamid, Z.A. AU - Othman, H. 
JO  - Research Journal of Applied Sciences
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
SP  - 225
EP  - 229
PY  - 2013
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1815-932x
DO  - rjasci.2013.225.229
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjasci.2013.225.229
KW  - nails
KW  -hair
KW  -heavy metals
KW  -Farmers
KW  -hair
KW  -pesticide
AB  - Heavy metals such as Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Plumbum 
  (Pb) in fertilizers and pesticides could cause health problems to human. The 
  sources of exposure to these heavy metals can be ingestion, food and the use 
  of pesticides and fertilizers in agricultural. A study was conducted in Kelantan 
  among farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of heavy metals 
  according to gender, age group, blood pressure, smoking habits and period of 
  time exposure to pesticide (years). There were 113 farmers participated in this 
  study. The samples of hair and nails were collected from farmers. The levels 
  of heavy metals such as As, Cd and Pb were determined using Inductively Coupled 
  Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results, showed that there was mean differences 
  of Pb levels between age groups in hair samples (p<0.05). Furthermore, using 
  the pearson correlation, the results indicated that there was significant relationship 
  between working experience and the level of Pb (r = -0.020, p<0.05). However, 
  there was no significant difference of Cd, Pb, As between gender, level of blood 
  pressure (high, normal and low), smoking habit and residences in nails and hair 
  sample. In conclusion, the levels of heavy metals was higher in nails compare 
  to hair samples. The heavy metals was higher among male, older age group, hypertension 
  and non-smoker.
ER  -