TY  - JOUR
T1  - Low-Dose Ketamine for Postoperative Analgesia in Elective Open Cholecystectomy
AU - , Amir-Abbas Kianfar AU - , Masoud Parish AU - , Jafar Rahimi Panahi AU - , Kamran Shadvar AU - , Isa Bilejani AU - , Rasoul Azarfarin 
JO  - Research Journal of Biological Sciences
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
SP  - 201
EP  - 205
PY  - 2008
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1815-8846
DO  - rjbsci.2008.201.205
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjbsci.2008.201.205
KW  - Pain
KW  -postoperative
KW  -ketamine
KW  -general anesthesia
KW  -cholecystectomy
AB  - There are conflicting results in the literature concerning preemptive effect of ketamine. The aim of our study was the clinical evaluation of preemptive perioperative analgesia with low-doses ketamine. We conducted a randomized, prospective and double blind study: Thirty patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were allocated randomly to receive boluses of either ketamine 0.15 mg kg <SUP>1</SUP> or normal saline (placebo) 5 min before surgical incision. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia were similar in two groups. After surgery the following parameters were considered: 1- time of first request for analgesic and total dose of consumed analgesic; 2-VAS and VRS in 12 h intervals for 2 day, for assessment of the effectiveness of analgesia; 3-postoperative nausea and Vomiting 93.3% of patients in control group and 66.6% of patients in ketamine group received analgesic postoperatively and the relation between the <I>first analgesia request time</I> and <I>ketamine use</I> was significant (t = 2.68 and 0.95 t<SUB>14</SUB> = 1.76). Frequency and total dose of analgesic between 2 groups  were  different  and  were  lower  in  ketamine  group than control group (p< 0.003). Mean VAS in 12  (p< 0.028), 24 (p< 0.027), 36 (p< 0.012) and 48 h (p< 0.028) after operation was significantly lower in ketamine group than control group. Also, Mean VRS in  12 (p< 0.02) and 24 h (p< 0.042) after operation was significantly lower in ketamine group than control group, but Mean VRS in 36 (p< 0.02) and 48 h (p< 0.042) after operation was not significantly different between 2 groups (p< 0.13). We conclude that ketamine provide clinicians with tool to improve postoperative pain management and to reduce analgesic doses after surgery.
ER  -