TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Pregnancy and Fasting on Arterial Blood Pressure Among Healthy Sudanese Women
at Khartoum State
AU - A. Ali, Ibrahim AU - A. Musa, Omer AU - E. Yousif, Osman 
JO  - The Cardiology
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 14
EP  - 20
PY  - 2020
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1811-8194
DO  - tcard.2020.14.20
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=tcard.2020.14.20
KW  - fasting
KW  -ANC
KW  -pregnancy
KW  -BP
KW  -Sudan
AB  - Pregnancy is a dynamic process characterized 
by multiple physiological changes in the cardiovascular 
system. These changes are adaptive mechanisms to face 
the high metabolic demand for both fetus and mother. 
Measurement of arterial blood pressure is important in 
each Ante-Natal Care (ANC) visit to categorize pregnant 
ladies for early detection and management of Pregnancy 
Induced Hypertension (PIH) cases. There are no reference 
values of arterial blood pressure among healthy Sudanese 
pregnant ladies and the values of blood pressure were 
obtained from international studies also fasting Ramadan 
can affect the blood pressure, blood glucose and body 
mass index. This study aimed at determining the effect of 
Fasting on the arterial blood pressure among healthy 
pregnant and non-pregnant Sudanese ladies living in 
Khartoum state. A case control study was conducted in 
Khartoum state during May-October, 2019 on (105) 
healthy Sudanese ladies who were randomly selected, 
their age range between 17-40 years. About 20 of them 
served as control group (non pregnant and not fasting) and 
(55) of them were pregnant not fasting and (30) fasting 
pregnant ladies as cases. All participants were assessed by 
questionnaire after filling an informed consent. Blood 
pressure was measured 3 times at resting state according 
to WHO criteria. In the fasting groups the blood pressure 
was measured before 3 pm. Data was analyzed using the 
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 
Version 25 with significant p#0.05, comparing the fasting 
pregnant blood pressures with the non fasting. The blood 
pressure was found to be 100.6/67.8 mmHg in pregnant 
women, not fasting, 114.2/75 mmHg in non pregnant and 
103.6/67.9 mmHg in fasting pregnant ladies. In the 
pregnant not fasting group the blood pressure was found 
to be 94.7(±7.5)/63(±5.9 mm Hg) for first trimester, 100.4 
(± 9.2)/67.2(±7.9 mmHg )for second trimester and 105.4 
(± 13.2)/72.2(±7.3 mmHg) for the third trimester. While 
for the fasting group the blood pressure was found to be 
104.6 (±15.1)/70.4(±14.2 mmHg) in the first trimester, 
96.4 (±6.7)/63.8(±4.6 mmHg) in the second trimester and 
109.7(±13.2)/69.4 mmHg (±9.7) in the third trimester. The 
results of this study showed that the pregnancy affects 
blood pressure significantly and the BP is lower in the 
first trimester than second trimester and the BP in the 
second trimester is lower than the third trimester. The 
mean of systolic and diastolic blood in the fasting group 
were higher than the mean systolic and diastolic blood 
pressures in non fasting group. The highest mean systolic 
blood pressure was recorded at the third trimester 
and the highest mean diastolic blood pressure 
recorded at the first trimester. Antenatal care follow up 
according to reference values for Sudanese ladies is 
important for the early detection and management of 
pregnancy induced hypertension. Further confirmatory 
studies are needed.
ER  -