TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Ammonia and Nitrite-Nitrate Concentrations on Thyroid Hormones and Variables Parameters of Broilers in Poorly Ventilated Poultry Houses
AU - Reha Fidanci, Ulvi AU - Yavuz, Hidayet AU - Kum, Cavit AU - Kiral, Funda AU - Ozdemir, Mehmet AU - Sekkin, Selim AU - Filazi, Ayhan 
JO  - Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 346
EP  - 353
PY  - 2010
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1680-5593
DO  - javaa.2010.346.353
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2010.346.353
KW  - Ammonia
KW  -biochemical parameters
KW  -broiler
KW  -nitrate
KW  -nitrite
KW  -thyroid hormone
AB  - It was aimed to evaluate the effects of accumulated ammonia (NH<SUB>3</SUB>) concentration in poultry housing and Nitrite (NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) Nitrate (NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) concentrations in poultry litter on thyroid hormone levels (Triiodothyronine (T<SUB>3</SUB>) and Thyroxine (T<SUB>4</SUB>)), Body Weight (BW) and variables parameters such as blood methemoglobin, serum retinol, &#946;-carotene and total cholesterol levels. Weighing 58.0&plusmn;3.2 g (control group) and 60.0&plusmn;4.3 g (experiment group), 1 day old, 180 male broiler chickens were used. Chicks were allowed <I>ad libitum</I> access to feed and water throughout the 45 days trials. In the experiment group, the ventilation was restricted without changing other conditions. NH<SUB>3</SUB> concentration in poultry housing and moisture ratio, as well as NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>-NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>- </SUP>concentrations in litter were measured with 5 days intervals throughout the 45 days trials. Plasma total T<SUB>3</SUB>, T<SUB>4</SUB>, blood methemoglobin and serum retinol, &#946;-carotene and total cholesterol levels were evaluated at the 45 days. NH<SUB>3</SUB> concentration in poultry housing was increased after 21 days (p&lt;0.05) at 0.222 g bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day and 26 days (p&lt;0.01) at range 0.377-0.400 g bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day in the experiment group as compared with the control group throughout the 45 days trials. In addition, moisture ratio in litter were increased after 26 days (p&lt;0.05) at 0.444% bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day and 36 days (p&lt;0.01) at range 0.461-0.472% bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day. Also, NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> concentrations in litter were increased after 26 days (p&lt;0.05) at range 7.50-8-40 ppm bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day. As to NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> concentrations in litter in the experiment group, no statistically significant difference was observed. Compared to control group, at 45 days, BW, plasma total T<SUB>3</SUB>, as well as serum retinol and &#946;-carotene levels decreased significantly in experiment group (p&lt;0.01). Total cholesterol level was increased (p&lt;0.05). No statistically considerable differences were found in plasma total T<SUB>4</SUB> and blood methemoglobin levels.
ER  -