TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Nisina and Propolis on Ruminal Fermentation<I> in vitro</I>
AU - Oeztuerk, Hakan AU - Emre, Bahri AU - Sagmanligil, Vedat AU - Piskin, Ilksin AU - Fidanci, Ulvi Reha AU - Pekcan, Mert 
JO  - Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances
VL  - 9
IS  - 21
SP  - 2752
EP  - 2758
PY  - 2010
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1680-5593
DO  - javaa.2010.2752.2758
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2010.2752.2758
KW  - Nisin
KW  -propolis
KW  -nitrogen utilization
KW  -rumen
KW  -protozoa
KW  -monensin
AB  - The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nisin and propolis on <I>in vitro</I> fermentation of a 60:40 forage:concentrate diet using the rumen simulation technique and to compare their effects with the antibiotic monensin (positive control). Nisin, propolis ethanol extract and monensin were added daily at 2 mg, 100 &#956;L (contained active substances of 2 mg crude propolis) and 5 mg to the fermentation vessels, respectively. Monensin caused expected changes in fermentation patterns (a significant decrease in NH<SUB>3</SUB>-N concentration, acetate and butyrate production, protozoa counts and a significant increase in propionate production). Nisin and propolis did not cause beneficial effects on fermentation efficiency except NH<SUB>3</SUB>-N concentration. NH<SUB>3</SUB>-N concentration was reduced (p&lt;0.05) by them. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that nisin and propolis might be useful additives to decrease ruminal ammonia production and to improve nitrogen utilization by ruminants.
ER  -