@article{MAKHILLJAFSN20146328871,
    title = {Single Screw Extrusion Processing of Soy White Flakes-Based Catla Feed},
    journal = {Journal of Aquaculture Feed Science and Nutrition},
    volume = {6},
    number = {3},
    pages = {59-65},
    year = {2014},
    issn = {2070-1667},
    doi = {joafsnu.2014.59.65},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=2070-1667&doi=joafsnu.2014.59.65},
    author = {Sushil and},
    keywords = {Bulk density,expansion ratio,extrusion,soy white flakes,unit density,WAI,WSI},
    abstract = {An initial investigation into the inclusion of Soy White Flakes (SWF) and High Protein Distillers Dried Grains (HP-DDG) in catla (<I>Catla catla</I>) diet, belonging to the family Cyprinidae was conducted using a single screw extruder. Particular focus was given to the effect of SWF inclusion and extrusion processing variables on the physical properties of the extrudates. To investigate this, 3 isocaloric (302 kcal/100 g) ingredient blends containing graded levels of SWF in combination with HP-DDG and other required ingredients were formulated to contain a net protein content of 31.5% (wet basis, wb). Extrusion processing was then performed using 3 SWF contents (10, 20 and 30% db), 3 moisture contents (15, 25 and 35% db) and 3 barrel temperature gradients (45-110-110, 45-140-140 and 45-170-170&deg;C) while the screw speed and die diameter were kept constant at 150 rpm and 3 mm. Effects of these variables on extrudate physical properties including: Color, pellet durability index, bulk density, Water Absorption Index (WAI), Water Solubility Index (WSI), unit density and expansion ratio were extensively analyzed. Changing the level of SWF from 10-30%, a significant increase in the value of WAI from 3.98-4.26 and unit density from 0.89-0.92 g cm<SUP>-3</SUP> but decrease in the value of expansion ratio from 1.17-1.13 were observed (&#945; = 0.05). Increasing moisture content from 15-35% resulted in a 37.5% increase in WAI and 17-14% decrease in bulk density and WSI, respectively. As temperature increased from 110-170&deg;C, WAI and WSI increased by 12.3-4.3%, respectively. But, it decreased bulk density by 12% and unit density by 28%.}
    }