@article{MAKHILLTSS201712924455,
    title = {Geographical and Socio-Economic Analysis in Peninsular Malaysia},
    journal = {The Social Sciences},
    volume = {12},
    number = {9},
    pages = {1695-1704},
    year = {2017},
    issn = {1818-5800},
    doi = {sscience.2017.1695.1704},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1818-5800&doi=sscience.2017.1695.1704},
    author = {Soo-Fen,Noriszura and},
    keywords = {Deprivation index,Morans I,principal component analysis,spatial autocorrelation,spatial},
    abstract = {This study aims to develop a pioneer composite area-based index of socioeconomic deprivation,
namely the General Index of Deprivation (GID) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The proposed GID
which is based on combined resources of census data, administrative registration data, vital statistics and
insurance data of eighty-one Administrative Districts (ADs) in Peninsular Malaysia in 2000 can be used to
provide a greater understanding and interpretation of the distribution of socio-economic patterns across the
ADs. This study also measures the overall and the local clustering in socio-economic deprivation across ADs
in Peninsular Malaysia using Global and Local Moran’s I. Further, visualizations of the patterns of
socio-economic deprivation based on the proposed GID and the locations of spatial clusters based on the Local
Moran’s I are implemented by using choroplate maps. The results of GID indicate that the ADs can be ranked
and classified into four quartiles; the most affluent, the moderately affluent, the moderately deprived and the
most deprived. The majority of affluent areas were located in the westcoast of Peninsular Malaysia whereas the
most deprived areas were mainly scattered in the Northeast of Peninsular Malaysia. The results of Global
Moran’s I suggests significant and positive global spatial autocorrelation across spatial weights of the ADs.
In addition, the results on Local Moran’s I show strong spatial disparities of socioeconomic deprivation in
several ADs, indicating the importance of considering geographic localization and spatial condition of each AD
for allocating resources and implementing efficient policies in Peninsular Malaysia.}
    }