@article{MAKHILLTSS20149522528,
    title = {How Earnings Are Managed? Evidence from a Developing Country},
    journal = {The Social Sciences},
    volume = {9},
    number = {5},
    pages = {321-334},
    year = {2014},
    issn = {1818-5800},
    doi = {sscience.2014.321.334},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1818-5800&doi=sscience.2014.321.334},
    author = {Md. Aminul},
    keywords = {Vehicles for earning management,Earning management,Bangladesh,discretionary accruals,Dhaka stock exchange},
    abstract = {This study examined new companies which were listed on the 
  Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) for the period 1995-2005. Data were collected from 
  company prospectuses, DSE daily diaries; DSE and SEC websites and annual report 
  of listed companies. The lists of new listings were obtained from the various 
  issues of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) annual report. A total 
  of 132 companies listed at DSE during the study period were selected for this 
  study. Several hypotheses were constructed to answer the research questions 
  drawn in this study. Findings confirmed the hypothesis that there are widespread 
  uses of earning management among IPO firms in Bangladesh. It is found that income 
  increasing firms employ different tools, as compared to that of income decreasing 
  firms in their attempt to manage earnings. Income increasing firms tend to use 
  current accruals and non-cash gains, as opposed to income decreasing firms which 
  prefer to use non-current accruals more than current accruals. When the variables 
  are further decomposed, it is found that change in assets and change of liabilities 
  are significant factors used by income increasing firms whereas income decreasing 
  firms use change of liabilities only. In final decomposition of variables, it 
  was revealed that income increasing firms tend to use accounts receivables and 
  accounts payables, as oppose to income decreasing companies which tend to use 
  inventories and accounts payables in their pursuits on managing earnings. Further, 
  research should be undertaken with larger sample and inclusion of other variables 
  which may help explain more on issues related to earning management in context 
  of Bangladesh.}
    }