@article{MAKHILLTSS20127522359,
    title = {English Language Teaching and Learning: To Contract or Not to Contract},
    journal = {The Social Sciences},
    volume = {7},
    number = {5},
    pages = {731-737},
    year = {2012},
    issn = {1818-5800},
    doi = {sscience.2012.731.737},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1818-5800&doi=sscience.2012.731.737},
    author = {Azizah,Nor Hasni,Sharifah Zurina Syed and},
    keywords = {course,language learning,learning contract,Student centered learning,UKM,Malaysia},
    abstract = {In ESL teaching and learning context, there have been continuous 
  efforts in utilizing several teaching approaches to develop autonomous, independent 
  and active learners, especially in higher learning institutions in Malaysia. 
  In view of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia’s 
  initiative to adopt the learning contract approach for the teaching and learning 
  of undergraduates, an action research was conducted to explore the feasibility 
  of learning contract in a language course in UKM. The data comprises of self-reflections, 
  focus group interviews, instructor feedback as well as a pre- and post-tests 
  results. This study details the implementation process of the learning contract 
  in a workplace communication class of 31 students and highlights student feedback 
  on their reaction towards such an approach. Findings indicate the positive aspects 
  of the learning approach from the students’ 
  perspectives despite some reservations from those who are less inclined towards 
  this approach.}
    }