@article{MAKHILLJFI20149121705,
    title = {Shrimp Production under Zero Water Exchange Mode Coupled with Bioremediation and Application of Probiotics},
    journal = {Journal of Fisheries International},
    volume = {9},
    number = {1},
    pages = {5-14},
    year = {2014},
    issn = {1817-3381},
    doi = {jfish.2014.5.14},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1817-3381&doi=jfish.2014.5.14},
    author = {I.S. Bright,Valsamma,M.,S. and},
    keywords = {Zero water exchange,shrimp farms,bioremediation,probiotics,water quality,sediement quality,shrimp health management,shrimp diseases},
    abstract = {The study evaluates field level performance of a zero water 
  exchange shrimp farming protocol in terms of production of shrimp biomass and 
  maintenance of water and sediment qualities in 10 earthen modified semi-intensive 
  farms in different parts of Kerala, India which were managed through bioremediation 
  and application of probiotics. Water and sediment qualities during the culture 
  were maintained by the addition of Detrodigest<SUP>TM</SUP>, an indigenous bioaugmentor. 
  The ponds were stocked with healthy <I>Penaeus monodon</I> seed (PL 20), tested 
  nested PCR negative for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), at an average stocking 
  density of 5 m<SUP>-2</SUP>. The gut probiotic Enterotrophotic<SUP>TM</SUP> 
  and an antagonistic probiotic PS-1 were used through out the culture period. 
  Eh and pH of the sediment did not vary significantly during different phases 
  of the culture and water quality parameters, except salinity and total hardness, 
  also followed the same trend, maintaining stable environment quality throughout 
  the culture period compared to the control ponds. Routine animal health assessment 
  showed no outbreak of diseases in any of the ponds under study whereas in the 
  control pond there was mortality and culture failure. Cost benefit ratio indicated 
  profitability and the average feed conversion ratio was close to the optimum.}
    }