@article{MAKHILLJFI20138221696,
    title = {Effect of Two Culture Systems on the Haematology and Growth of the African Mud Catfish, <I>Clarias gariepinus</I> (Siluriformes: Clariidae)},
    journal = {Journal of Fisheries International},
    volume = {8},
    number = {2},
    pages = {46-51},
    year = {2013},
    issn = {1817-3381},
    doi = {jfish.2013.46.51},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1817-3381&doi=jfish.2013.46.51},
    author = {Felix Olusegun,Abiodun Eniade and},
    keywords = {Fish culture,in-door pond,earthen pond,haematology,fish growth,water quality},
    abstract = {The haematological and growth parameters of the African mud 
  catfish, <I>Clarias gariepinus</I> fed with imported pelleted feeds (Durantee) 
  and raised separately in In-Door Concrete (IDC) and out-door Earthen (ERT) ponds 
  for a period of 12 weeks at the fish farm of the Department of Environmental 
  Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria were 
  assessed in this study. The water quality of the two rearing systems was also 
  studied on a weekly basis. Blood samples were collected from the fish samples 
  by puncturing the caudal peduncle with heparinized plastic syringe. The values 
  of the haematological parameters were measured using standardized and approved 
  methods. The water parameters studied in IDC showed that the temperature (28.543&plusmn;0.20&deg;C) 
  dissolved oxygen (0.734&plusmn;0.38 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>) salinity (0.223&plusmn;0.03%) 
  conductivity (0.002&plusmn;0.00 M&#937; cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) total dissolved solids 
  (275.750&plusmn;31.26 ppm) and nitrate (2.520&plusmn;1.45 ppm) statistically 
  differed (p&lt;0.05) to 27.321&plusmn;0.71&deg;C, 7.118&plusmn;0.46 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 
  0.099&plusmn;0.00%, 0.004&plusmn;0.00 M&#937; cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, 102.580&plusmn;2.53 
  and 0.000&plusmn;0.00 ppm obtained, respectively in ERT. However, the values 
  of pH (7.062&plusmn;0.13) nitrite (0.500&plusmn;0.26 ppm) and total hardness 
  (40.000&plusmn;6.96 ppm) in IDC were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) 
  to the values 7.128&plusmn;0.14, 0.000&plusmn;0.00 ppm and 39.000&plusmn;0.00 
  ppm obtained, respectively in ERT. The packed cell volume (34.600&plusmn;3.297%) 
  red blood cell (3.430&plusmn;0.424x10<SUP>9</SUP> g dL<SUP>-1</SUP>) lymphocyte 
  (55.900&plusmn;5.010%) haemoglobin (11.155&plusmn;1.213 g dL<SUP>-1</SUP>) thrombocyte 
  (12.700&plusmn;1.989%) white blood cell (121700.000&plusmn;34012.759x10<SUP>9</SUP> 
  g dL<SUP>-1</SUP>) mean corpuscular volume (105.852&plusmn;5.544 fl) mean corpuscular 
  haemoglobin (33.800&plusmn;1.874 pg) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration 
  (32.035&plusmn;1.100 g dL<SUP>-1</SUP>) of the catfish in IDC were not statistically 
  different (p&gt;0.05) compared to 28.400&plusmn;2.956%, 2.670&plusmn;0.394x10<SUP>9</SUP> 
  g dL<SUP>-1</SUP>, 51.200&plusmn;3.723%, 8.640&plusmn;0.953 g dL<SUP>-1</SUP>, 
  15.400&plusmn;2.522%, 197300.000&plusmn;37057.028x10<SUP>9</SUP> g dL<SUP>-1</SUP>) 
  112.935&plusmn;7.594 fl, 34.423&plusmn;2.578 pg and 30.394&plusmn;0.780 g dL<SUP>-1</SUP> 
  obtained, respectively in fish raised in ERT but the values obtained for neutrophils 
  (31.400&plusmn;6.462% in ICD) and (30.400&plusmn;4.507% in ERT) showed significant 
  variations (p&lt;0.05). The study also showed that the fish population in IDC 
  attained statistically higher average weight (0.58 kg) compared to the fish 
  in ERT (0.44 kg). It is recommended that closed fish culture should be encouraged 
  in order to reduce pressure on land and deforestation usually associated with 
  earthen pond construction.}
    }