@article{MAKHILLIJSC201813621457,
    title = {A Survey on Energy and Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks},
    journal = {International Journal of Soft Computing},
    volume = {13},
    number = {6},
    pages = {167-182},
    year = {2018},
    issn = {1816-9503},
    doi = {ijscomp.2018.167.182},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-9503&doi=ijscomp.2018.167.182},
    author = {M. and},
    keywords = {Wireless sensor networks,medium access control,power aware protocols,clustering,scheduling,quality of service},
    abstract = {Over the past several years, wireless sensor network has attracted many researchers as well as
general users because of its various applications such as commercial and military applications. The sensor
nodes are basic unit of a sensor network that is energized by low powered devices. In un-tethered wireless
sensor nodes the power supply is a crucial system component. The energy supplying is made in two aspects,
first store the energy and distribute it as per the requirement, else refill the consumed energy by scavenging
from external power source like solar energy, temperature gradients, vibrations, pressure variations, flow of air
and liquid. If some nodes deplete their energy quickly that node will not sense and that region is called blank
region. This could be avoided by reducing the energy consumption of each sensor node to improve the lifetime
of the wireless sensor networks. Therefore, the usage of energy of each sensor nodes must be optimized to
maximize the network life. This survey study is concentrated on the energy consumption for typical sensor
node component and then discussed the directions to conserve energy in wireless sensor networks. This study
also, gives the classifications of the energy conservation schemes which are later discussed in detail. Special
focus is given over the areas in the literature such as data aggregation along with load balancing techniques.
Finally, the study is concluded with insights for researchers about energy conservation in wireless sensor
networks.}
    }