@article{MAKHILLJEAS202015619179,
    title = {Mural Paintings of the City of That Phanom: History and Literature},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {15},
    number = {6},
    pages = {1431-1444},
    year = {2020},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2020.1431.1444},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2020.1431.1444},
    author = {Kittanut,Niyom and},
    keywords = {Mural painting,Thailand,history,literature,prominent,applying},
    abstract = {A research study titled mural paintings of the city of That Phanom: history and literature, aims to
study the history of the making of mural painting in the city of That Phanom, as well as to study the literature
of mural painting in the city of That Phanom. The study is based on historical documents and field studies in
That Phanom district, Nakhon Phanom province of Thailand. Research tools consists of survey and structured
interview, targeting group of informants consisting of scholars in art history, abbots and monks, local
philosophers and local people. Study results showed that the history of the making of mural painting, currently
existing in the city of That Phanom, Nakhon Phanom province, began in the year 1919-1934, coincided with
the end of King Rama VI’s reign and the beginning of King Rama VII’s or during the transition from absolute
monarchy to democracy. According the field study at three temples, the research witnessed important events
related to the history of the creation of mural painting (Hoop taem) as follows. For Wat Hua Wiang Rangsi
temple and Wat Buddhasima temple, construction of the uposathas (Sims) began in 1917; the two temples have
royally been given the Visungkhamsima in 1919. For the making of the mural art, Wat Hua Wiang Rangsi’s
mural paintings were made in 1919 while that of Wat Buddhasima’s, 1920; Wat Pho Kham’s construction of
Uposatha was in 1933 and the making of Hoop taem was first created in the year 1933-1934. Creation of Hoop
Taem in the city of That Phanom all shared a starting point from the restoration of Phra That Phanom. In the
period of Phra Khru Viroj Rattanobon who came from the city of Ubon Ratchathani, there was Luang Chan
Akson who played the role as the painter, applying the concept of mural art of Bangkok style that had an
influence on the Hoop taem of the city of That Phanom. Even they were built in the same period, each temple
has a different identity. For the literature aspect, it can be divided into 2 groups: primary literary and secondary
literary groups. The primary literary group used in the painting of Hoop taem consists of the Buddha’s history,
the Ten Jataka Tales, Sin Sai, Phra Malai and Suriyawong, of which the main literature shared in common is
the Buddha’s history. Each temple gives a lot of space for mural painting featured in a prominent position. The
secondary literary group is the one that does not appear much, consisting of images of Ramayana,
Laksanawong, Chantakorop and Phra Suthon-Manohra. The secondary literature that shares a common
characteristic is the image of the Ramayana. According to each temple, it also shares different other literatures
which are non-Buddhist, e.g., Ramayana, Sin Sai and Suriyawong, that became the outstanding literature of
each temple.}
    }