@article{MAKHILLJEAS2019141618190,
    title = {Development of Groundwater Sustainability Framework with
Hydrological Parameters of C52 Tertiary Catchment of the
Upper Orange River System of South Africa},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {14},
    number = {16},
    pages = {5635-5641},
    year = {2019},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2019.5635.5641},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2019.5635.5641},
    author = {Saheed and},
    keywords = {groundwater sustainability,Modder River catchment,general water,C52 catchment,Upper Orange River,sustainability indices},
    abstract = {This study discusses the development of a framework that models groundwater sustainability for a
catchment. Groundwater sustainability is important due to negative impact of increasing urbanization and
climate change on groundwater resources in catchments. The hydrological parameters with human induced
factors of the tertiary C52 catchment situated in the Upper Orange River was used as working tool in the design
of conceptual framework. The framework also captured the major interactions and relationships within the C52
hydrological system which were reported as weighting and scoring systems in an indices format. A number of
factors are reviewed as part of the methodology these were human (rights/equity), climate and aquifer and socio
economic factors. As with sustainability analysis, the human factors capture the impact of anthropogenic
activities on groundwater. The human factors are considered in a number of parameters as with regard to the
C52 catchment, the pump rate per year, the number of permits issued per year, number of boreholes and the
duration of the permits. The climate factors mainly considered the elements of: evapotranspiration, climatic
zones, precipitation, sunshine, topography and slope. Yields, recharge, storativity, lithology/rock types and
aquifer types were modelled as part of the aquifer system while the land and socio-economic factors were
population, per capita use, tariffs and general water use category. From a simulation, view point these factors
represent the interdependent processes in the C52 catchment. They further facilitate their rankings and analysis.
The outcome of this research has been a framework for mapping sustainability a useful decision making support
system for groundwater management.}
    }