@article{MAKHILLJEAS2019141017868,
    title = {Evaluation of OFU Techniques for Optical Generation of mm-W Signals in
Future Broadband Cellular Communication Networks},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {14},
    number = {10},
    pages = {3463-3471},
    year = {2019},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2019.3463.3471},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2019.3463.3471},
    author = {Nael A.,Mohanad S.,Sarah Yahya Ali and},
    keywords = {OFU techniques,optical mm-W signal generation,5G,frequency quadrupling,MZM,wireless
signals},
    abstract = {Cellular networks that use the millimeter-Wave (mm-W) spectrum holds a great promise to revolutionize wireless industry. Nevertheless, the generation and transportation of mm-W signals in the
electrical-domain are unfeasible owing to the high air link loss and electromagnetic interference. Generating mm-W signals in the optical-domain, i.e., over an optical fiber will allow sending wireless signals for a long distance. This study presents an evaluation of the Optical Frequency Upconversion (OFU) techniques based on advanced Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) for optical generation and transportation of mm-W
wireless signals. Four types of OFU techniques will be compared: frequency-doubling, frequency-quadrupling, frequency-sixtupling and frequency-octupling. We begin by reviewing selected OFU techniques that enable to double, quadruple, sixtuple or octuple an Radio Frequency (RF) and highlighting drawbacks and benefits. Then, a comparison in terms of modulation index, bias drifting and modulation efficiency is presented to show the trade-off between OFU techniques complexity and cost. Comparison of OFU techniques and results from simulation analysis reveal that the frequency quadrupling technique is a robust and more desirable choice for optical generation and transportation of mm-W wireless signals.}
    }