@article{MAKHILLJEAS201914417452,
    title = {Urinary S-Phenylmercapturic Acid (S-PMA) Level and Leukocytes in Informal Shoes
Industrial Workers Exposed to Benzene in Cibaduyut, Bandung Area},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {14},
    number = {4},
    pages = {1253-1261},
    year = {2019},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2019.1253.1261},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2019.1253.1261},
    author = {Bambang,Puri,Syafran,Bayu,Haryoto and},
    keywords = {Benzene,S-phenylmercapturid acid,leukocytes,informal workers,shoes industries,S-PMA},
    abstract = {Benzene exposure in working environment has been known associated to hematology disorders. This
is because the hematology system is the most critical tissue in benzene exposure through inhalating route.
This study aims to analyze the relation between urinary S-PMA level and number of leukocytes of informal
shoes industrial workers exposed to benzene. This study used cross sectional design in six informal shoes
industries which are located in Cibaduyut with the number of sample of 64 workers. Urinary and blood samples
were collected on each sample to measure urinary S-PMA level and the number of leukocytes. Urinary S-PMA
level was measured by using LC-MS/MS and leucocytes was measured by using automated hematology
analyzer. Individual characteristic data were obtained through direct interview and benzene concentration in
environment was collected from secondary data. The result of the study indicated that there is significant
correlation between urinary S-PMA level with leukocytes (p-value: 0.048) and urinary S-PMA level with
the type of job (p-value: 0.004). By 31.3% workers have urinary S-PMA level more than Biological Exposure
Indices-American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (BEI-ACGIH) (>25 μg/g creatinine). The
higher the benzene concentration of indoor air, the more workers have urinary S-PMA level >25 μg/g creatinine.
The result of double linear regression test finds that there is association tendency between urinary and
leukocytes S-PMA level, after it is controlled by type of job, time of work per day and exercising habit variables.
It can be concluded that there is association between urinary S-PMA level and the number of leukocytes
decreased in the workers.}
    }