@article{MAKHILLJEAS201914417440,
    title = {Underutilized Mangifera Species (<i>Mangifera caesia, Mangifera quadrifida and
Mangifera odorata</i>) from Borneo: A Potential Source of Natural Antioxidant},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {14},
    number = {4},
    pages = {1169-1177},
    year = {2019},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2019.1169.1177},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2019.1169.1177},
    author = {Mohd Fadzelly Abu,Nur Amalina,Fazleen Izzany Abu,Azlen Che and},
    keywords = {M. caesia,M. quadrifida,M. odorata,phytochemicals,antioxidant,vegetables},
    abstract = {The search for natural antioxidant in replacement to synthetic antioxidant is still on going. Natural
antioxidant displayed a wide range of biological and therapeutic activity which could be obtained from fruits,
vegetables, nuts, flowers and bark of tree. Fruits produced by <i>Mangifera</i> species are among the underutilized
tropical fruits. Most of the research for this genus focused on popular species such as common mango
(<i>Mangifera indica</i>). This study was conducted to determine the phytochemical content and antioxidant
activities of different parts of the fruits (peel, flesh and seed) of selected underutilized Borneo wild <i>Mangifera</i> species, i.e., Bundu (<i>Mangifera caesia</i>), Dumpiring (<i>Mangifera quadrifida</i>) and Mangga Wani (<i>Mangifera
odorata</i>). Spectrophotometric method was used to determine the phytochemicals content (total phenolic, total
flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total carotenoid contents) and antioxidant activities [DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2-2&#146;-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing
Antioxidant Power)]. Among all the samples tested, phytochemical content was high in peel and seed extracts
as compared to the flesh in all three species. Seed extract of <i>M. quadrifida</i> was most effective in scavenging
the DPPH and ABTS free radical as well as the most effective in reducing the Fe<sup>3+</sup> to Fe<sup>2+</sup> as compared to other
parts/species. These antioxidant activities were contributed by the high phenolic and flavonoid contents
in <i>M. quadrifida</i> seed. Correlation test showed positive relationship between the phenolic and flavonoid
contents with ABTS (r = 0.563, r = 0.550, p<0.01) and FRAP (r = 0.896, r = 0.460, p<0.01). As a conclusion, all
parts of <i>Mangifera</i> fruits could be further utilize as natural antioxidants.}
    }