@article{MAKHILLJEAS201813815999,
    title = {Intelligent Transportation System Architecture to Address Challenges of
Traditional Shipping Operations (PELRA)},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {13},
    number = {8},
    pages = {2114-2119},
    year = {2018},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2018.2114.2119},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2018.2114.2119},
    author = {Setyo,Ferdhi and},
    keywords = {Traditional shipping,remote areas,Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS),shipping,service,cost},
    abstract = {Less developed remote areas have few things in common, namely small scale economy and low
connectivity. Those areas, particularly in Indonesia, rely very much upon the traditional shipping service
provided by wooden ships, labeled as PELRA standing for Pelayaran Rakyat, meaning People’s Shipping. The
challenges of PELRA are huge and fundamental, namely outdated ships, old-fashioned business processes,
no insurance coverage, low human resource qualifications and low productivity. As a low-cost shipping service
provider, they are often the only connector of the above remote areas. Thus, they play a vital role of remote
area’s economy, especially, small islands in an archipelagic country. Conventional approaches to address
PELRA’S challenges are usually in the following areas, i.e., improvement of port infrastructure and cargo
handling performance or provision of nearly free port charges, fail. A breakthrough towards adopting Intelligent
Transportation System (ITS) seems to be very promising. Its benefit cost ratio in the next 5 years shows that,
the benefit of using ITS for PELRA goes far beyond its investment and operation costs.}
    }