@article{MAKHILLJEAS201813615796,
    title = {A Study on Security Vulnerabilities Assessment and Quantification in
SCADA Systems},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {13},
    number = {6},
    pages = {1338-1346},
    year = {2018},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2018.1338.1346},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2018.1338.1346},
    author = {Zakuan,Norziana,Qais,Mohd,Norhamadi,Maslina and},
    keywords = {SCADA,vulnerability assessment,risk assessment,vulnerability severity,attack consequences,protect},
    abstract = {Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA) monitor and control industrial and
critical infrastructure functions such as electricity, oil, water and natural gas production and distribution
processes. Consequently, failure in the intended operation of SCADA system results in catastrophic
consequences. With the increased interconnectivity of SCADA systems and the commercial availability of
cloud computing, SCADA systems have increasingly adopted Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to
significantly reduce infrastructure costs and increase ease of maintenance and integration. As a result, the
exposure of these systems to cyber threats has increased enormously. Therefore, there is a necessity to
identify, remediate and mitigate system’s security vulnerabilities to protect and prevent possible attacks. This
study serves two folds; firstly, different types of vulnerabilities in SCADA systems have been identified and
reviewed. Secondly, two test cases have been presented to demonstrate the severity of the identified
vulnerabilities on SCADA systems. This study draws attention to the impact of threat on SCADA systems and
their consequences.}
    }