@article{MAKHILLJEAS201813515685,
    title = {Effects of Natural Rock and Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Additives on Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> Layer 
Deposited on Al Alloys by Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO)},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {13},
    number = {5},
    pages = {1201-1209},
    year = {2018},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2018.1201.1209},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2018.1201.1209},
    author = {Farqad Saleem,Elham and},
    keywords = {rock additive and wear resistance,hardness,micro arc oxidation,Aluminium alloy,structure,Iraq},
    abstract = {Ceramic coatings on Al alloys were prepared via. micro arc oxidation process using natural
rock (10 g/L fired and unfired porcelanite) and (2.4 g/L) nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> additives. The phase composition, 
microstructure (SEM and EDX), micro hardness, thickness, roughness and wear resistance of the coatings were
studied. The results showed that the thick and hard (&gamma;-Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> ceramic coatings can be deposited by MAO
process on Al alloys using electrolytes contained fired porcelanite with modified tribological properties and
less porosity and its non-uniform distribution in the structure. The addition of nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> recorded the highest 
hardness and reduced the pore size and tunnels in coatings structure.}
    }