@article{MAKHILLJEAS201712314132,
    title = {Modeling and Analysis of Multicast Protocols Over IPv6},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {12},
    number = {3},
    pages = {542-547},
    year = {2017},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2017.542.547},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2017.542.547},
    author = {Ahmed Shakir,Rohaya and},
    keywords = {PIM-SM,PIM-DM,IPV6,NS-2,environments},
    abstract = {Business and multimedia entertainment applications require sending simultaneously to multiple users
or specific groups. IP multicast is an efficient and scalable network layer delivering method for multimedia
content to a large number of receivers across the Internet. It has the mechanism that offers bandwidth
optimization and reduces the time required for forwarding data to multiple destinations. In traditional IP
networks, packets are sent to single destination (unicast). Now a days, the demand of multimedia
communication has increase in many fields; especially multimedia applications such as video conferencing
(video and audio), distance learning and entertainment. Furthermore, application requires sending packets in
the same time to multiple users or specific groups. Unicast protocol has a number of problems preventing its
successful deployment of these applications. These problems include inefficient bandwidth, high cost,
congestion and more collision in the networks. Thus, multicast protocols over IPv6 were developed to
overcome these problems. There are already exist a few protocols implementing multicast transmission in real
networks like PIM-SM and PIM-DM. In this study, simulation was done using NS-2 simulator to evaluate the
performance of each those protocols based on packet loss variable receivers. The study consists of one main
scenario; that consists of network topology with a few numbers of receivers with three sources, seven receivers
and seventeen intermediate nodes. Simulation shows that, the PIM-SM has the better result in term of the
packet lost. Hence, this results show that, the PIM-SM protocols are more suitable to be used in WAN
environments.}
    }