@article{MAKHILLJEAS201712814367,
    title = {Comparing Experimental and Software Results of Changing the Water Transmission
Pipe Diameter under the External Load of Surrounding Soil
(Case Study: Pipes with a Diameter of 2400 mm)},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {12},
    number = {8},
    pages = {2029-2038},
    year = {2017},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2017.2029.2038},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2017.2029.2038},
    author = {Fariborz and},
    keywords = {The pipe diameter change,ABAQUS Software,regulations of American Water Works Association (AWWA),the around backfill,behaviour},
    abstract = {Water networks and main underground drinking water transmission and distribution pipelines are
among the infrastructures of urban areas and giving attention to the problems of these pipelines is a priority
management program. One of the most important factors in the design of water channels is the analysis of
external forces affecting the pipe and its surrounding texture and finally the pipe deformation. Many factors
affect the design of water transmission pipelines, one of these factors is controlling the pipe diameter change
or pinch flat. Behavior assessment of culverts and interaction analysis of the bed around culverts under in
normal loadings can provide appropriate analysis to carry out the right design of such projects. In this study,
5 different methods in terms of the materials filling around the pipeline were studied and laboratory results
obtained were compared with American Water Works Association (AWWA) and modeling by ABAQUS finite
elements software. The results showed that as the soil around the pipe is filled with dense and harder materials,
the latitude pipe diameter change or the pinch flat will be decreased where the results were consistent with the
regulation and software.}
    }