@article{MAKHILLJEAS20138913412,
    title = {An Angle Based Flooding Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {8},
    number = {9},
    pages = {295-303},
    year = {2013},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2013.295.303},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2013.295.303},
    author = {Tariq,Low Tang and},
    keywords = {Sensor networks,3-D spaces,routing algorithms,UWSN,L2-ABF,flooding zone,frequent,horizontal communication},
    abstract = {The planet earth is basically a planet of water with <30% 
  land mass available for humans to live on. However, the areas covered with water 
  are important to mankind for the various resources which have been proven to 
  be valuable. Such resources are gas, oil, marine products which can be used 
  as food and other minerals. In view of the vast area in which these resources 
  can be found, a network of sensors is necessary so that they can be explored. 
  However, sensor networks may not be helpful in the exploration of these resources 
  if they do not have a sufficiently good routing mechanism. Node mobility, 3-D 
  spaces and horizontal communication links are some critical challenges to the 
  researcher in designing new routing protocols for UWSNs. In this study, researchers 
  have proposed a novel routing protocol called Layer by layer Angle-Based Flooding 
  (L2-ABF) to address the issues of continuous node movements, end-to-end delays 
  and energy consumption. In L2-ABF, every node can calculate its flooding zone 
  to forward data packets toward the sinks without using any explicit configuration 
  or location information. The simulation results show that L2-ABF has some advantages 
  over some existing flooding-based techniques and also can easily manage quick 
  routing changes where node movements are frequent.}
    }