@article{MAKHILLJEAS20072512801,
    title = {Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Analyses of Selected Bore-hole Waters in World Bank Housing Estate, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria},
    journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
    volume = {2},
    number = {5},
    pages = {920-929},
    year = {2007},
    issn = {1816-949x},
    doi = {jeasci.2007.920.929},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-949x&doi=jeasci.2007.920.929},
    author = {C.N. Obi and},
    keywords = {Bore-holes,contamination,microorganisms,, water,microbiological,physico-chemical analysis},
    abstract = {The  microbiological  and  physico-chemical  analyses  were  carried  out for fifteen boreholes in World Bank Housing Estate, Umuahia. The microbiological analysis was carried out using the Most Probable Number Technique (Multiple-Tube Technique) for the detection of faecal coliform and subsequently organisms present in the samples of water were identified following the Standard Methods. The identified organisms include: <I>Escherichia coli</I>, <I>Staphylococcus sp</I>.,<I> Streptococcus sp.</I>,<I> Citrobacter sp</I>., <I>Enterobacter sp</I>.,<I> Klebsiella pneumonia</I>,<I> Proteus</I>,<I> Pseudomonas</I>,<I> Serratia marcescene</I>, 63.6% being of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Two yeast genera were identified namely:<I> Saccharomyces</I> and <I>Kluyveromyces</I>. The Total Heterotrophic Plate Count (THPC) gave a range of 1.1×10<SUP>4</SUP>-2.03×10<SUP>5</SUP>CFU mL <SUP>1</SUP> with a mean of 5.2×10<SUP>4</SUP>CFU mL <SUP>1</SUP> while the Total Coliform Plate Count (TCPC) gave a range of 1.1×10<SUP>3</SUP>-8.5×10<SUP>5</SUP>CFU mL <SUP>1</SUP> with a mean of 4.5×10<SUP>3</SUP>CFU mL <SUP>1</SUP>. The Yeast Plate Count (YPC) ranged between 2.1×10<SUP>1</SUP>-6.2×10<SUP>1</SUP>CFU mL <SUP>1</SUP> and a mean of 4.6×10<SUP>1</SUP>CFU mL <SUP>1</SUP>. The presumptive faecal coliform ranged between 0-180 coliforms 100 mL <SUP>1</SUP> giving a mean of 18.73 coliforms per 100 mL. <I>E. coli</I>/faecal coliforms were detected in 60% of the water samples. The aesthetic properties of the water samples  were acceptable  however  the  boreholes  showed  high  values with ranges of 221-280, 52-77, 209-301 mg L <SUP>1</SUP>, 200-250 us cm <SUP>1</SUP> for sodium, nitrate, chloride and conductivity respectively in comparison with local and international standards. These results showed that there is need for treatment of these water boreholes by the borehole proprietors and also by simple treatment methods such as boiling and agitation by the consumers.}
    }