@article{MAKHILLIJTM20127419856,
    title = {A Survey of Bacterial Isolates Cultured from Apparently Healthy Individuals in South-Western Nigeria},
    journal = {International Journal of Tropical Medicine},
    volume = {7},
    number = {4},
    pages = {130-137},
    year = {2012},
    issn = {1816-3319},
    doi = {ijtmed.2012.130.137},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-3319&doi=ijtmed.2012.130.137},
    author = {Ako-Nai,Adeyemi,Adesiyan,Bisi-Johnson and},
    keywords = {Skin bacteria-flora,apparently healthy,students,antibiotic resistance,Nigeria},
    abstract = {The study was undertaken to isolate and identify bacterial 
  species colonising six different body sites of apparently healthy students. 
  Three hundred and one students participated in the study. The mean age of male 
  participants was 22.1 years and that of the females’ 
  was 22.2 years. About 886 samples were taken from the participants. Altogether, 
  1394 bacterial isolates were cultured from the samples averaging 1.57 bacteria 
  per sample. Samples from the foot, hand and face were collected into sterile 
  saline and a loop-ful of each sample was applied on blood agar, selective and 
  differential media and other conventional media and incubated at 37°C for 
  24-48 h. Samples from the ear, nose and throat were collected with sterile cotton-tipped 
  applicators after which each applicator had been dipped into sterile saline 
  and processed. Characterisation of bacterial isolates was initially based on 
  gram-reaction. Cocci that appeared in clusters and fermented mannitol on mannitol 
  salt agar, coagulated human pooled plasma were confirmed as <I>Staphylococcus 
  aureus</I> isolates. Those that neither fermented mannitol on (MSA) nor coagulated 
  human pooled plasma were deemed <I>Staphylococcus </I>sp. Cocci in small chains 
  on blood agar were deemed Streptococci and their pattern of hemolysis or lack 
  of it on blood agar plates was used to classify them. Gram negative rods were 
  categorised as lactose fermenters or non-lactose fermenters based on their reaction 
  on Triple Sugar Iron agar (TSI). Others gram-negative enteric rods were characterised 
  based on their reactions on Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) and other conventional 
  media. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done on some isolates using the 
  disc dilution method. Out of the 1394 bacterial isolates cultured, gram-positive 
  isolates constituted 57.8% and gram-negative enteric rods 42.2%. Staphylococci 
  accounted for 32% of gram-positive bacterial isolates with <I>Staphylococcus 
  aureus</I> being 72.8% and <I>Staphylococcus</I> sp. was 27.1%. <I>Staphylococcus 
  aureus </I>(23.3%) was the single most predominant gram- positive bacterial 
  isolate cultured followed by <I>E. coli </I>(14.0%) which was the single most 
  predominant gram-negative bacteria seen. Other gram-positive isolates seen include 
  <I>Streptococcus</I> sp. (11.3%), <I>Bacillus</I> sp. (9.9%) and <I>Corynebacterium</I> 
  sp. (2.4%). Gram negative rods seen were: <I>Klebsiella</I> sp. (10.6%), <I>Pseudomonas</I> 
  sp. (5.5%)<I> Proteus</I> sp. (5.0%), <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> (3.4%), 
  <I>Salmonella</I> sp. (1.9%) <I>Citrobacter</I> sp. (1.1%) and <I>Shigella</I> 
  sp. (0.6%). The antibiotic resistant profile showed 69.9% <I>S. aureus</I> isolates 
  were resistant to amoxicillin 60.3% to augmentin and 60.8% to cloxacillin however, 
  some <I>S. aureus</I> isolates were more amenable to ofloxacin (12%) while other 
  <I>S. aureus</I> isolates demonstrated multi-resistance.}
    }