@article{MAKHILLIJTM20127419855,
    title = {Unusually High Prevalence of Malaria Infection in a Tertiary Institution Setting in South-Western Nigeria},
    journal = {International Journal of Tropical Medicine},
    volume = {7},
    number = {4},
    pages = {121-129},
    year = {2012},
    issn = {1816-3319},
    doi = {ijtmed.2012.121.129},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-3319&doi=ijtmed.2012.121.129},
    author = {Kwashie and},
    keywords = {Prevalence rate,malaria,Plasmodium species,artesunate,sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine,resistance},
    abstract = {The study determined the prevalence of malaria in Obafemi 
  Awolowo University community, factors that predispose them to malaria and the 
  rate of drug resistance among subjects in a tertiary institution setting in 
  Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria. Blood samples obtained from 316 subjects with 
  febrile condition were screened for malarial parasites using thick and thin 
  films blood smear and thereafter stained with Giemsa and Leishman stains. Microscopy 
  of each slide was also done to determine the degree of parasitemia and types 
  of <I>Plasmodium</I> species. Well structured questionnaires were administered 
  to all subjects. In addition, case files of subjects were examined and reviewed 
  to determine case series of spontaneous report of treatment failures. Subjects 
  were followed-up for 28 days. Treatment outcome was measured by clinical and 
  parasitological recovery after taking the prescribed drug (artesunate + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine) 
  combination. The subjects&#146; age 
  range was between 1-63 years mean age of 27.09 (SD = 15.3). The overall prevalence 
  of detection of malaria parasite in the study population was 98.4%. Prevalence 
  rate of malaria in both sexes was insignificant 50.2% in female and 49.8% in 
  male. The prevalence of malaria was highest at age range 16-25 years (54.6%). 
  Symptoms of malaria observed in subjects screened besides fever were headache 
  (68.7%), body pain (40.8%), chills (20%) and vomiting (21.5%). The symptoms 
  resolved proportionally with time and chills and vomiting completely resolved 
  by day 6 in all the subjects and there was total remission of body pain by day 
  14. Different <I>Plasmodium</I> species namely <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I>, 
  <I>Plasmodium malariae</I> and <I>Plasmodium ovale</I> were observed in the 
  blood samples of the subjects screened. <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I> accounted 
  for the highest prevalence (82.3%) and predominated in the blood samples obtained 
  from children &lt;5 years. Mixed infection with <I>P</I>. <I>falciparum</I> 
  and <I>P. ovale</I> (10.6%), <I>Plasmodium malariae</I> (5.2%) and <I>Plasmodium 
  ovale</I> (1.9%) were prominent in blood samples of adults &gt;15 years of age 
  subjects. Eighty-six subjects fulfilled the follow up criteria as follows: 67.4% 
  (n = 58) of subjects had Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR) 
  of 14-28 days after taking artesunate and antimal (sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine) 
  while treatment failure occurred in 32.6% (n = 22) of subjects. The 7% (n = 
  6) of the total treatment failure recorded in this study was classified as resistance 
  to the drug used since they returned 4-7 days after treatment with fever and 
  presence of parasitaemia in their blood which indicated Early Treatment Failure 
  (ETF). The remaining 25.6% returned between 7-28 days suggesting recrudescence 
  or re-infection. The high rate of artesunate + sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine resistance 
  (32.6%) recorded in this study suggests its in-effectiveness in the treatment 
  of uncomplicated malaria infection which is of epidemiological importance in 
  the management of malaria in this community.}
    }