@article{MAKHILLIJTM20083219747,
    title = {Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Drug Interactions Between Co-Trimoxazole and Zidovudine in Rabbits},
    journal = {International Journal of Tropical Medicine},
    volume = {3},
    number = {2},
    pages = {30-35},
    year = {2008},
    issn = {1816-3319},
    doi = {ijtmed.2008.30.35},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1816-3319&doi=ijtmed.2008.30.35},
    author = {C.S. Nworu,P.A. Akah,O.O. Ndu,A.C. Ezike and},
    keywords = {Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,bioavailability,co-trimoxazole,HIV,pharmacokinetics,rabbits,zidovudine},
    abstract = {This study was conducted to determine the effects of concomitant administration of oral co-trimoxazole (120 mg kg <SUP>1</SUP>) and zidovudine (30 mg kg <SUP>1</SUP>) on their respective pharmacokinetics profiles in adult rabbits. The study was conducted in three phases, each separated from the other by a 2-week drug wash-out period. In the first phase, the animals received zidovudine (30 mg kg <SUP>1</SUP>, p.o.) alone; in the second phase, they received co-trimoxazole (120 mg kg <SUP>1</SUP>, p.o.) alone and in the third phase, both Zidovudine (30 mg kg <SUP>1</SUP>, p.o.) and co-trimoxazole  (120 mg kg <SUP>1</SUP>, p.o.) were given concomitantly. Blood samples were withdrawn at intervals  for 24 h and analysed for drug content. The concomitant administration of AZT and co-trimoxazole resulted in a non-significant (p&gt;0.05) increase in peak plasma concentration, Area under Curve (AUC) and half-life (t<SUB>1/2</SUB>) of AZT and a decrease in the elimination rate constant, absorption rate constant, clearance and apparent volume of distribution of AZT. The peak plasma concentrations of zidovudine (876.92±32.29 µg mL <SUP>1</SUP>), sulphamethoxazole  (0.349±0.007  µg  mL <SUP>1</SUP>)  and  trimethoprim (0.644±0.015 µg mL <SUP>1</SUP>) attained were increased non-significantly  by  2.3,  9.17  and  5.59%,  respectively.  The  apparent  increase  in serum concentration of co-trimoxazole, though not significant, resulted in a remarkable increase in the Reciprocal of Serum Inhibitory Titres  (RSIT)  against <I> B.  subtilis</I>  of  up to 83.47% at the 2 h interval.The result of this study, suggests that co-trimoxazole does not cause major alterations in AZT pharmacokinetics in rabbits. In clinical practice, we could therefore infer that routine dosage adjustment may not be necessary when these 2 drugs are used concomitantly except in patients with co-existing hepatic or renal impairment where the risk of neutropaenia could be a major concern.}
    }