@article{MAKHILLRJA20071212302,
    title = {Geothermal Water Quality in Oued R’hir Valley (Southeast Algeria).Scaling Problem and Hardness Treatment},
    journal = {Research Journal of Agronomy},
    volume = {1},
    number = {2},
    pages = {80-83},
    year = {2007},
    issn = {1815-9354},
    doi = {rjagr.2007.80.83},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-9354&doi=rjagr.2007.80.83},
    author = {A. Messaitfa,K. Baouia,A. Meghezzi and},
    keywords = {Hardness,decarbonation,hydrated lime,sodium carbonate,geothermal waters},
    abstract = {The conducts of drinking water supply in Oued R’hir valley, have been for a long time jeopardized by encrusting. Geothermal water, the only source of drinking water, has a high capacity tendency to form scale is the origin of this phenomenon. This water is highly mineralized (2.5 g L <SUP>1</SUP>) and of a very high degree of hardness (1120 mg L <SUP>1</SUP> as CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>). The maximum scaling rate (1.4 cm y <SUP>1</SUP>) is observed in the conducts located at the first kilometer of the water source, where the water temperature and pressure are very favorable. The calcareous mass produced is estimated at 1.6 g L <SUP>1</SUP>, or 2243 t y <SUP>1</SUP>. The treatment results show that hydrated lime process has very low efficiency (11.5%) facing water hardness, compared with that obtained by the sodium carbonate (61%). They, thus testify that water hardness dominated is the permanent hardness. Yet the process with Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> added to produced water 255 mg L <SUP>1</SUP> of the sodium with the initial water content (323 mg L <SUP>1</SUP>) for each 682 mg L <SUP>1</SUP> as CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> of water hardness removed.}
    }